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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

21.2K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
21.2K
Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

3.5K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
3.5K
Enthalpy of Solution02:39

Enthalpy of Solution

31.1K
There are two criteria that favor, but do not guarantee, the spontaneous formation of a solution:
31.1K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

6.5K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
6.5K
General Properties of Solutions02:12

General Properties of Solutions

36.0K
Many common substances around us exist as a solution, such as ocean water, air, and gasoline. All solutions are mixtures of substances that are composed of varying amounts of two or more types of atoms or molecules. A mixture with a non-uniform composition is a heterogeneous mixture, whereas a mixture with a uniform composition is a homogeneous mixture. The components that make the homogeneous mixture are evenly spread out and thoroughly mixed. 
36.0K
Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

16.8K
Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Creating Sub-50 Nm Nanofluidic Junctions in PDMS Microfluidic Chip via Self-Assembly Process of Colloidal Particles
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Creating Sub-50 Nm Nanofluidic Junctions in PDMS Microfluidic Chip via Self-Assembly Process of Colloidal Particles

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Assembly of colloidal particles in solution.

Kun Zhao1, Thomas G Mason2,3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China.

Reports on Progress in Physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)
|July 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advances in colloidal building block synthesis and assembly control enable new soft matter forms. Precise control over particle features and interactions leads to complex, low-defect self-assembled structures.

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Quantitative and Qualitative Examination of Particle-particle Interactions Using Colloidal Probe Nanoscopy

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Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
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Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

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Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
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Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Colloid Science

Background:

  • Recent advances in synthesizing complex colloidal building blocks and controlling their assembly in solution have led to novel forms of highly controlled soft matter.
  • Top-down lithography now allows precise, human-designed control over sub-particle features, expanding assembly possibilities beyond limitations of bottom-up methods.
  • Enhanced control over anisotropic interactions, tailored by sub-particle geometries and surface modifications, enables parallel self-assembly of specific structures with low defect rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight advancements in colloidal building block synthesis and assembly.
  • To explore new possibilities in soft matter creation through precise control over particle features and interactions.
  • To showcase novel self-assembly strategies for complex structures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing top-down lithographic methods for monodisperse colloid production with controlled sub-particle features.
  • Employing tailored anisotropic interactions through local geometries and site-specific surface modifications.
  • Leveraging shape-dependent, shape-complementary, and roughness-controlled depletion attractions between non-spherical colloids.
  • Developing advanced directed assembly methods, including microfluidic control and structured electromagnetic fields.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of massively parallel off-chip self-assembly of specific target structures with low defect rates.
  • Experimental realization of hierarchical self-assembly and control over chiral purity of assembly structures.
  • Creation of complex assemblies utilizing novel depletion attractions, surpassing early fractal cluster examples.

Conclusions:

  • Precise control over colloidal building blocks and their interactions is key to creating advanced soft matter.
  • Top-down synthesis and tailored anisotropic interactions open new avenues for designing complex, ordered structures.
  • Continued development in directed assembly methods promises further breakthroughs in self-assembly applications.