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Axonal myelin decrease in the splenium in major depressive disorder.

Matthew R Williams1,2, P Sharma3,4, C Macdonald3,5

  • 1Robert Steiner Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK. Matthew.r.williams@imperial.ac.uk.

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience
|July 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Major depressive disorder is linked to reduced myelin in the corpus callosum splenium, indicating subtle brain changes. This contrasts with findings in schizophrenia and suggests longitudinal alterations in myelination.

Keywords:
AxonsDepressionMyelinNeuropathologySplenium

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuropathology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • The corpus callosum is implicated in severe mental illnesses like schizophrenia and major depressive disorder.
  • Previous studies show fractional anisotropy disruptions but no gross morphological changes in the corpus callosum.
  • Subtler organizational disruptions within the corpus callosum are suspected in these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neuropathological changes in the corpus callosum splenium in major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia.
  • To examine axonal myelin and nerve fiber cross-sectional areas and myelinated axon density.
  • To compare findings in the splenium with previous studies on the genu.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution oil immersion microscopy to assess nerve fiber and myelin sheath cross-sectional areas.
  • Standard high-resolution light microscopy to measure myelinated axon density.
  • Analysis performed on the splenium of the corpus callosum in sagittal plane.

Main Results:

  • Significantly decreased mean myelin cross-sectional area per axon in the splenium of MDD cases compared to controls and schizophrenia.
  • No significant change in myelinated axon density was observed.
  • Findings suggest reduced myelin in the callosal splenium axons in MDD.

Conclusions:

  • Major depressive disorder is associated with a decrease in myelin in the corpus callosum splenium axons.
  • This neuropathological finding may have developmental or in-life origins.
  • The results indicate a longitudinal change in callosal myelination in MDD, differing from schizophrenia and normal brains.