Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Pilot In Vitro Study to Assess Cleaning Ability and Effects of Different Decontamination Methods on Implant Surfaces
Published on: November 21, 2025
Intratubular decontamination ability and physicochemical properties of calcium hydroxide pastes
Thais Cristina Pereira1, Layla Reginna da Silva Munhoz Vasconcelos2, Márcia Sirlene Zardin Graeff3
1Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 9-75, Alameda Dr.Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil. thais.cristina.pereira@usp.br.
Objective:
This in vitro study compared the penetration, pH, calcium ion release, solubility, and intradentinal decontamination capacity of calcium hydroxide (CH) pastes with different vehicles and additives.
Materials And Methods:
Infected standard bovine dentine contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis were treated with propolis extract, chlorhexidine, and camphorated paramonochlorophenol (CPMC) loaded in CH paste for the bacterial viability evaluation made by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and microbiological culture. Beside this, 50 acrylic teeth were filled with the previously mentioned pastes to evaluate the pH and calcium ion release (pHmeter and atomic absorption spectrophotometer at time intervals of 7, 15, and 30 days) and solubility (micro-computed tomographic imaging before and after 15 days).
Results:
After treatment, all samples decreased intra-dentinal contamination, specially, the CH paste with CPMC. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups when evaluating the intra-canal paste penetration. In the pH measurements, CH with distilled water showed the smallest pH values. Regardless the solubility percentage of the pastes, the paste of CH + PG presented the highest values.
Conclusion:
The vehicles and additives tested may increase CH antimicrobial effect, but with small differences. In general, all CH pastes tested here were effective in reducing Enterococcus faecalis and were similar in the penetration, pH, calcium ion release, and solubility of calcium hydroxide when compared to distilled water.
Clinical Relevance:
The use of calcium hydroxide pastes as intracanal medication with an aqueous or viscous vehicle, as propylene glycol, can be useful, since all formulations of the tested pastes resulted in great bacterial reduction inside root canals.
More Related Videos
08:42Challenges in Rheological Characterization of Highly Concentrated Suspensions — A Case Study for Screen-printing Silver Pastes
Published on: April 10, 2017
07:57Author Spotlight: A Rapid, Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis Of Nickel Hydroxide Nanosheets
Published on: August 18, 2023
Related Concept Videos
Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Physicochemical and Chemical Properties of Drugs
The drug's acidity or basicity is essential in...
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Drug's Physicochemical Properties and Plasma Levels
One important factor is the drug's molecular size. The kidneys readily excrete smaller molecules below 300 Daltons (Da). On the other hand, molecules weighing between 300 and 500 Da are excreted through both urine and bile. Larger molecules above 500 Da tend to be excreted...
Porosity in Cement Paste
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters
Enhanced drug absorption can be achieved by reducing particle sizes and increasing surface areas, thereby facilitating...
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
Properties of Transition Metals