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Gluconeogenesis from acetone in starved rats.

G Hetenyi, C Ferrarotto

    The Biochemical Journal
    |October 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Acetone is converted to glucose in starved rats, acting as a minor substrate for glucose synthesis. This study quanties the metabolic clearance and turnover rates of acetone, demonstrating its conversion pathway to lactate and subsequently glucose.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Metabolic pathways
    • Animal physiology

    Background:

    • Understanding gluconeogenesis in starved states is crucial for metabolic research.
    • Acetone's role as a gluconeogenic precursor has been debated.
    • Investigating substrate utilization during fasting provides insights into energy homeostasis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify the metabolic clearance and turnover rate of acetone in vivo.
    • To determine the extent and kinetics of acetone's conversion to glucose in starved rats.
    • To compare the gluconeogenic contribution of acetone with other substrates like lactate.

    Main Methods:

    • Intravenous injection of radiolabeled tracers ([14C]acetone, NaH14CO3, L-[14C]lactate, [14C]acetate, D-[14C/3H]glucose) into non-anesthetized, starved rats.
    • Measurement of plasma concentrations of labeled metabolites over time.
    • Calculation of metabolic clearance and turnover rates.
    • Deconvolution analysis of the Unit Impulse Response Function to determine substrate flux.

    Main Results:

    • Metabolic clearance rate of acetone was 2.25 ml/min/kg, with a turnover rate of 0.74 μmol/min/kg.
    • Acetone was converted to lactate, contributing 1.37% of 14C atoms to circulating glucose.
    • The peak flux of carbon atoms from acetone to glucose occurred at approximately 100 minutes post-injection.

    Conclusions:

    • Acetone is converted to lactate, which then contributes to glucose synthesis in starved rats.
    • Acetone serves as a true, albeit minor, substrate for gluconeogenesis.
    • The kinetics of acetone conversion to glucose are slower compared to lactate.

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