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Related Concept Videos

Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

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How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
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Cellular respiration is a crucial metabolic process through which cells obtain energy from organic substances, mainly glucose, to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This process includes the oxidation of substrates and the transfer of electrons to a separate electron acceptor, facilitating ATP synthesis through a sequence of biochemical reactions.Glycolysis: The Initial StepGlycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic...
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In situ hybridization (ISH) is a technique used to detect and localize specific DNA or RNA molecules in cells, tissue, or tissue sections using a labeled probe. The technique was first used in 1969 for the investigation of nucleic acids. It is currently an essential tool in scientific research and clinical settings, especially for diagnostic purposes.
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DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Single-cell Photoconversion in Living Intact Zebrafish
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Single-cell Photoconversion in Living Intact Zebrafish

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Millisecond cellular labelling in situ with two-photon photoconversion.

Sheldon J J Kwok1,2, Yongjae Jo3,4, Harvey H Lin1

  • 1Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

Biomedical Optics Express
|July 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rapid two-photon photoconversion of cyanine dyes enables millisecond-scale cell labeling in living tissues. This breakthrough allows studying fast cellular processes like intracellular diffusion and tracking circulating cells in vivo.

Keywords:
(020.4180) Multiphoton processes(160.2540) Fluorescent and luminescent materials(170.2520) Fluorescence microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular and Molecular Biology
  • Biophotonics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • * In situ cell labeling using photoconversion aids understanding of cellular physiology.
  • * Current methods require lengthy light exposure (seconds to minutes), hindering studies of rapid biological dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To develop a rapid photoconversion technique for cellular labeling.
  • * To enable the study of fast cellular processes previously inaccessible to photoconversion methods.

Main Methods:

  • * Employed two-photon excitation of cyanine-based dyes for photoconversion.
  • * Achieved photoconversion on millisecond timescales per cell.

Main Results:

  • * Demonstrated unprecedentedly rapid photoconversion (millisecond timescale).
  • * Successfully applied the technique to measure intracellular diffusion kinetics in spinal nerves.
  • * Labeled rapidly flowing cells in microfluidic channels.
  • * Achieved in vivo photoconversion of circulating cells.

Conclusions:

  • * Two-photon photoconversion of cyanine dyes offers a significant advancement in cellular labeling speed.
  • * This technique opens new avenues for investigating rapid cellular dynamics and processes in vivo.