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Related Concept Videos

Beams01:30

Beams

1.9K
Beams are integral components of structural engineering and construction, designed to support loads applied at various points along their length. These long, straight members can be classified based on geometry, cross-section, support type, and equilibrium condition.
Based on geometry, beams can be straight, tapered, or curved. Straight beams are the most common type and have a constant cross-section throughout their length. Tapered beams, on the other hand, have a varying cross-section along...
1.9K
Deflection of a Beam01:19

Deflection of a Beam

734
Accurately determining beam deflection and slope under various loading conditions in structural engineering is crucial for ensuring safety and structural integrity. Singularity functions offer a streamlined approach to analyzing beams, especially when multiple loading functions complicate the bending moment equation.
Singularity functions, described in an earlier lesson, are powerful mathematical tools that represent discontinuities within a function commonly encountered in structural loading...
734
Prismatic Beams: Problem Solving01:15

Prismatic Beams: Problem Solving

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In the design of a supported timber beam subjected to a distributed load, both the beam's physical dimensions and the timber's characteristics, such as its grade and species, are critical. These factors determine the allowable stress values, which are crucial for calculating the necessary beam depth to ensure structural integrity and safety.
The design begins with analyzing the beam as a free body to identify moments and force balances, thereby determining support reactions. Next, the...
481
Principal Stresses in a Beam01:11

Principal Stresses in a Beam

751
In prismatic beams subject to arbitrary transverse loading, It is essential to analyze the interaction between shear forces and bending moments in order to understand stress distribution and ensure structural integrity. The highest normal or bending stress occurs at the outer fibers of the beam, decreasing linearly to zero at the neutral axis. In contrast, shear stress peaks at the neutral axis and diminishes toward the outer surfaces.
Analyzing principal stresses is crucial, especially in...
751
Beams with Symmetric Loadings01:15

Beams with Symmetric Loadings

422
The moment-area method is an analytical tool used in structural engineering to determine the slope and deflection of beams under various loads. Consider a cantilever with a concentrated load and moment at the free end. The first step is constructing a free-body diagram to calculate the reactions at the fixed end. Next, the bending moment diagram is plotted to visualize how the bending moment varies along the beam's length, focusing on points where the bending moment equals zero.
The M/EI...
422
Integration by Parts: Indefinite Integrals01:26

Integration by Parts: Indefinite Integrals

206
Integration by parts is a fundamental technique in calculus for evaluating integrals involving the product of two functions. It is particularly useful when direct integration is not feasible. The method is based on the product rule for differentiation, which states that the derivative of a product equals the derivative of the first function times the second, plus the first function times the derivative of the second. By integrating this identity and rearranging terms, the integration by parts...
206

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters
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Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters

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An InP-based vortex beam emitter with monolithically integrated laser.

Juan Zhang1, Changzheng Sun1, Bing Xiong1

  • 1Beijing National Research Centre for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.

Nature Communications
|July 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed an integrated semiconductor device that generates optical vortex beams at telecom wavelengths. This innovation simplifies setups for applications in communications and quantum technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Photonics
  • Semiconductor device fabrication

Background:

  • Optical vortex beams with orbital angular momentum (OAM) are crucial for advanced applications.
  • Existing OAM emitters often require external lasers, limiting integration and scalability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate an electrically pumped, integrated semiconductor device for generating vortex beams at telecom wavelengths.
  • To demonstrate a compact and efficient OAM emitter suitable for real-world applications.

Main Methods:

  • Monolithic integration of an optical vortex emitter with a distributed feedback laser on an InGaAsP/InP wafer.
  • Utilizing a single-step dry-etching process with specialized top gratings for OAM emitter fabrication.

Main Results:

  • Successful fabrication of an integrated OAM emitter operating at telecom wavelengths.
  • Characterization of the emitted vortex beam and confirmation of its OAM mode purity.
  • Demonstration of an electrically pumped device, eliminating the need for external lasers.

Conclusions:

  • The integrated OAM emitter offers a compact and efficient solution for generating vortex beams.
  • This device shows significant potential for advancing fiber optic communications and quantum information systems.
  • The monolithic integration approach simplifies OAM beam generation, paving the way for practical applications.