Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
Published on: April 22, 2016
Visible-Light-Promoted Cascade Alkene Trifluoromethylation and Dearomatization of Indole Derivatives via
Min Zhu1,2, Kai Zhou1, Xiao Zhang1
1State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Lu , Shanghai 200032 , China.
Abstract:
An intramolecular dearomatization of indole derivatives has been developed via an electron donor-acceptor complex formed between indole derivatives and Umemoto's reagent. Without the requirement of any catalyst and additive, diverse trifluoromethyl-substituted spiroindolenines bearing a quaternary stereogenic center were obtained in good yields (up to 90%) merely upon the illumination of two starting materials in 1,2-dichloroethane solution at room temperature. This work provides facile access to spiroindolenines bearing a trifluoromethyl group enabled by visible light.
Related Concept Videos
Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular Forces in Solutions
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces
Intracellular Signaling Cascades
Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation
Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...

