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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

High-Resolution Endocardial and Epicardial Optical Mapping in a Sheep Model of Stretch-Induced Atrial Fibrillation
Published on: July 29, 2011
Epicardial atrial mapping during minimally invasive cardiothoracic surgery
Lisette J M E van der Does1, Frans B S Oei2, Paul Knops1
1Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Abstract:
Mapping of the unorganized activation patterns of atrial fibrillation requires a high-resolution mapping approach to diagnose substrate-mediated pathophysiological mechanisms. At present, epicardial mapping is the only approach that is able to acquire electrograms of >200 high-density sites simultaneously. This study introduces a technique to perform high-resolution mapping in minimally invasive surgery. In 3 patients with mitral valve disease, epicardial mapping of the right atrium, Bachmann's bundle and parts of the left atrium was safely performed via minimal right thoracotomy.
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