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Myelin Plasticity and Nervous System Function.

Michelle Monje1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;

Annual Review of Neuroscience
|July 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Experience shapes the brain

Keywords:
adaptive myelinationgliamyelin plasticityneuron-glia interactionsneuroplasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Myelination, the process of forming myelin sheaths around nerve fibers, is crucial for efficient neural signal transmission.
  • While myelin development has an innate component, recent research highlights an activity-dependent mode of myelination.
  • This plasticity in myelin-forming cells impacts neural function and structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the dual modes of myelination: activity-independent and activity-dependent.
  • To discuss how experience influences myelin microstructure.
  • To examine the role of myelin plasticity in cognitive processes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on myelin development and plasticity.
  • Analysis of activity-dependent and independent myelination mechanisms.
  • Integration of findings into a model of experience-modulated myelin plasticity.

Main Results:

  • Myelination involves both innate developmental programs and experience-driven modifications.
  • Activity-dependent myelination allows myelin structure to adapt based on neural activity.
  • Myelin plasticity is a key factor in modulating neural circuit function and cognition.

Conclusions:

  • Myelin is not static but dynamically shaped by experience.
  • Understanding myelin plasticity offers new insights into neurological function and cognitive disorders.
  • This plasticity is essential for adapting neural circuits throughout life.