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INSIGHT responsive parenting intervention and infant feeding practices: randomized clinical trial
Jennifer S Savage1,2, Emily E Hohman3, Michele E Marini3
1Center for Childhood Obesity Research, 129 Noll Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. jfs195@psu.edu.
Insights
Responsive parenting (RP) intervention improved infant feeding practices, reducing non-responsive feeding behaviors like using food to soothe. This approach promotes healthier eating habits, potentially lowering childhood obesity risk.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Public Health
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Infant feeding practices are linked to childhood obesity risk.
- Responsive parenting (RP) interventions aim to prevent obesity by modifying feeding behaviors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of an RP intervention on parents' infant feeding practices in the first year of life.
Main Methods:
- Randomized controlled trial (INSIGHT Study) with primiparous mothers.
- Intervention delivered through home visits and research center appointments.
- Feeding practices assessed via interviews, surveys, and food frequency questionnaires.
Main Results:
- RP mothers were more likely to use structured feeding (limit-setting, routines) by age 1 year.
- RP mothers were less likely to use non-responsive feeding (pressuring, soothing with food, bottle propping, bedtime bottles).
- No significant differences observed in the types of foods or food groups consumed.
Conclusions:
- RP guidance can prevent using food to soothe and encourage sensitive, structured feeding.
- This approach may reduce obesity risk by influencing infant feeding timing and methods.
- Early intervention in feeding practices is crucial for long-term health outcomes.
Background:
What, when, how, how much, and how often infants are fed have been associated with childhood obesity risk. The objective of this secondary analysis was to examine the effect of a responsive parenting (RP) intervention designed for obesity prevention on parents' infant feeding practices in the first year after birth.
Methods:
Primiparous mother-newborn dyads were randomized to the Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories (INSIGHT) Study RP intervention or child safety control. Research nurses delivered intervention content at home at infant age 3-4, 16, 28, and 40 weeks, and at a research center at 1 year. RP feeding guidance advised feeding that was contingent (i.e., feed in response to hunger and satiety signs, alternatives to using food to soothe), and developmentally appropriate (i.e., delaying introduction of solids, age-appropriate portion sizes). Infant feeding practices (i.e., bottle use, introduction of solids, food to soothe) were assessed by phone interviews and online surveys and dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire.
Results:
RP mothers were more likely to use of structure-based feeding practices including limit-setting (p < 0.05) and consistent feeding routines (p < 0.01) at age 1 year. RP group mothers were less likely to use non-responsive feeding practices such as pressuring their infant to finish the bottle/food (p < 0.001), and using food to soothe (p < 0.01), propping the bottle (p < 0.05) assessed between 4 and 8 months, and putting baby to bed with a bottle at age 1 year (p < 0.05). Few differences were seen between groups in what specific foods or food groups infants were fed.
Conclusions:
Anticipatory guidance on RP in feeding can prevent the use of food to soothe and promote use of more sensitive, structure-based feeding which could reduce obesity risk by affecting how and when infants are fed during the first year.
Trial Registration:
The Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories (INSIGHT) Study. www.clinicaltrials.gov . NCT01167270. Registered 21 July 2010.
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