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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
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Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

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Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study
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Anteromesial Temporal Lobectomy for Medically Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An Operative Study

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Diffuse vasospasm after transcortical temporal lobectomy for intractable epilepsy.

James Charles Dickerson1, Joaquin Andres Hidalgo2, Zachary Stidham Smalley2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA. jcdickerson@umc.edu.

Acta Neurochirurgica
|July 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epilepsy surgery can rarely cause delayed cerebral ischemia from arterial vasospasm. This case highlights diffuse vasospasm after temporal lobectomy, emphasizing the need for awareness and prompt treatment.

Keywords:
AmygdalohippocampectomyDiffuseEpilepsyEpilepsy surgeryNeurosurgeryTemporal lobe resectionTranscorticalTranssylvianTriple HVasospasm

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Vascular Neurology

Background:

  • Epilepsy surgery, specifically temporal lobectomy, carries rare risks.
  • Cerebral vasospasm is a known complication, but diffuse involvement is exceptionally uncommon.

Observation:

  • A 48-year-old woman developed expressive aphasia 11 days post-left anterior temporal lobectomy.
  • Transcranial Doppler revealed increased velocities, indicating cerebral vasospasm affecting multiple cerebral arteries.

Findings:

  • This is the third reported case of cerebral vasospasm post-epilepsy surgery and the first with diffuse vasospasm.
  • Treatment with fluids, nimodipine, and permissive hypertension led to near-baseline speech recovery at 6 months.

Implications:

  • Cerebral vasospasm is a rare but significant cause of morbidity following anterior temporal lobectomy.
  • Early recognition and management of vasospasm are crucial for patient recovery.
  • Further research into the mechanisms and optimal treatment of post-surgical vasospasm is warranted.