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Updated: Feb 7, 2026
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Evaluation of the Interplay Between the Complement Protein C1q and Hyaluronic Acid in Promoting Cell Adhesion
Published on: June 15, 2019
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Hyaluronic Acid After Subcutaneous Injection-An Objective Assessment
Verena Santer1, Samuel Gavard Molliard2, Patrick Micheels3
1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.
Summary
Three hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, despite distinct biophysical properties, showed similar subcutaneous distribution in skin. This suggests HA filler formulation does not impact its immediate dispersion in the hypodermis.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Aesthetic Medicine
- Biomaterials Science
Background:
- Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are widely used for aesthetic correction and facial volume restoration.
- Understanding the in-situ behavior of HA fillers is crucial for optimizing treatment outcomes and patient safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate and compare the subcutaneous distribution patterns of three distinct, CE-marked and FDA-approved HA fillers.
- To evaluate the impact of varying biophysical properties on the immediate dispersion of HA fillers within the skin's hypodermal layer.
Main Methods:
- Ex vivo injection of three HA fillers (BELB, JUVV, RESL) into porcine and human skin samples.
- Immediate post-injection analysis using stereomicroscopy and full-field optical coherence tomography (OCT) on snap-frozen, cross-sectioned samples.
- Comparison of visualization results with histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
Main Results:
- All investigated HA fillers distributed as homogeneous boluses within the subcutaneous tissue.
- The injected HA filler volumes preserved the fibrous trabecular network and displaced adjacent fat lobules and adipocyte layers.
- No significant differences in distribution patterns were observed among the three HA fillers, irrespective of their distinct biophysical properties.
Conclusions:
- This study provides the first systematic investigation of subcutaneous HA filler distribution using complementary visualization techniques.
- Despite marked differences in biophysical properties, the investigated HA fillers exhibit similar distribution behavior upon subcutaneous injection.
- The observed preservation of the hypodermis structure supports the clinical findings of good tolerability associated with these HA fillers in the subcutaneous skin layer.
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