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Relating Stomatal Conductance to Leaf Functional Traits
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Photometric stereo for three-dimensional leaf venation extraction.

Wenhao Zhang1, Mark F Hansen1, Melvyn Smith1

  • 1Centre for Machine Vision, Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of the West of England, T Block, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.

Computers in Industry
|July 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a 3D imaging system and novel algorithm for accurate leaf venation extraction, overcoming illumination challenges and enabling plant phenotyping and speciation.

Keywords:
3D imagingLeaf diseaseLeaf venationPhotometric stereoRidge detectionShape index

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Area of Science:

  • Botany
  • Computer Vision
  • Image Processing

Background:

  • Leaf venation extraction is challenging due to complex architectures, varying leaf conditions, and illumination issues.
  • Current methods using color imaging are confounded by biotic and abiotic variations, limiting applications in plant phenotyping and speciation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a robust 3D imaging system and novel algorithm for accurate leaf venation extraction.
  • To overcome limitations of existing methods, particularly those related to illumination and leaf surface variations.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a 3D imaging system for high-resolution 3D data reconstruction, independent of ambient illumination.
  • Proposed a novel algorithm using Photometric Stereo for illumination-invariant surface normals and fused shape features.
  • Developed a method to determine venation polarity (raised or recessed veins).

Main Results:

  • The system and algorithm accurately extract primary, secondary, and tertiary leaf veins across diverse species.
  • The method demonstrates robustness against leaf diseases and variations in color.
  • Venation polarity determination was successfully verified in multiple experimental tests.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed 3D imaging and algorithmic approach significantly advances leaf venation extraction.
  • This method offers a reliable tool for plant phenotyping, speciation, and modeling, overcoming previous limitations.