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Related Concept Videos

Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

3.1K
Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Plasticizers01:31

Plasticizers

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Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
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Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

471
Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts01:20

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

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When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Rapid and Low-cost Prototyping of Medical Devices Using 3D Printed Molds for Liquid Injection Molding
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Microfluidics within a well: an injection-molded plastic array 3D culture platform.

Younggyun Lee1, Jin Woo Choi, James Yu

  • 1Division of WCU (World Class University) Multiscale Mechanical Design, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea. mechlyg@gmail.com njeon@snu.ac.kr.

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|July 13, 2018
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Summary

A new injection-molded plastic array 3D culture (IMPACT) platform offers a scalable alternative to Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for microfluidic devices. This novel platform enables rapid, reproducible 3D cell co-cultures for high-throughput vascularized microphysiological systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Microfluidics
  • Cell Culture Technology

Background:

  • Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is common for microfluidic prototyping but has limitations for commercial scale-up.
  • Existing PDMS-based hydrophobic burst valves present challenges for reproducible patterned gel formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel injection-molded plastic array 3D culture (IMPACT) platform for scalable microfluidic applications.
  • To develop a method for rapid and reproducible patterned 3D cell co-cultures using capillary-guided flow.
  • To demonstrate the platform's utility in vascularized microphysiological systems.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an injection-molded plastic array 3D culture (IMPACT) platform with integrated microfluidic design in a 96-well plate format.
  • Utilized capillary-guided flow along hydrophilic liquid guides for sequential patterning of cell-laden gels (e.g., fibrin, collagen).
  • Conducted angiogenesis experiments using patterned human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) and lung fibroblasts (LF) in 3D fibrin gels.

Main Results:

  • Achieved spontaneous, rapid (within 1 second) patterning of cell-containing gels using capillary action.
  • Determined optimal dimensionless parameters for successful capillary loading.
  • Demonstrated successful 3D co-culture of HUVEC and LF, producing angiogenic sprouts comparable to PDMS-based devices.

Conclusions:

  • The IMPACT platform provides a robust, high-throughput alternative to PDMS for fabricating microfluidic devices.
  • This technology enables scalable production of patterned 3D cell cultures for vascularized microphysiological systems.
  • The capillary-guided flow method offers rapid and reproducible gel patterning for complex co-culture applications.