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Concentration Cells02:41

Concentration Cells

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A concentration cell is a type of a  voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
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Inertial Frames of Reference01:03

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Newton’s first law is usually considered to be a statement about reference frames. It provides a method for identifying a special type of reference frame: the inertial reference frame. In principle, we can make the net force on a body zero. If its velocity relative to a given frame is constant, then that frame is said to be inertial. So, by definition, an inertial reference frame is a reference frame where Newton's first law holds valid. Newton's first law applies to objects with...
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Non-inertial Frames of Reference01:27

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A reference frame accelerating or decelerating relative to an inertial frame is a non-inertial frame. To help understand this, consider what taking off in an airplane, turning a corner in a car, riding a merry-go-round, and the circular motion of a tropical cyclone all have in common. All these systems are accelerating, decelerating, or rotating relative to the Earth; hence, they all are non-inertial frames. All these systems exhibit inertial forces, which merely seem to arise from motion,...
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The relative amount of a given solution component is known as its concentration. Often, though not always, a solution contains one component with a concentration that is significantly greater than that of all other components. This component is called the solvent and may be viewed as the medium in which the other components are dispersed or dissolved. Solutions in which water is the solvent are, of course, very common on our planet. A solution in which water is the solvent is called an aqueous...
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The concept of stress concentration is crucial for understanding how materials respond under bending stresses, particularly when there are irregularities or discontinuities in the material's geometry. Normally, stress in a symmetric member subjected to pure bending is assumed to be uniformly distributed across the entire cross-section. However, this assumption does not hold when there are variations in the cross-sectional geometry or the presence of notches and holes.
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Stress Concentrations01:24

Stress Concentrations

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Stress concentration is when stress intensifies near discontinuities such as holes or abrupt cross-sectional changes in a structural member. This localized stress can often surpass the average stress within the member. The stress distribution in flat bars, either with a circular hole or varying widths connected by fillets, can be determined experimentally using a photoelastic method. The results are based on ratios of geometric parameters like the ratio of the hole's radius to the smaller...
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Inertial Microfluidic Syringe Cell Concentrator.

Nan Xiang1, Xin Shi2, Yu Han1

  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments , Southeast University , Nanjing , 211189 , China.

Analytical Chemistry
|July 13, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new inertial microfluidic syringe cell (IMSC) concentrator offers a low-cost, easy-to-use solution for concentrating cells. This device enables efficient cell concentration for biomedical diagnosis in resource-limited environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Microfluidics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Low-cost, user-friendly cell concentration tools are crucial for biomedical diagnostics in resource-poor settings.
  • Existing methods may be expensive or complex, limiting their accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel inertial microfluidic syringe cell (IMSC) concentrator.
  • To enable efficient cell concentration using inertial focusing for improved biomedical diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a three-part IMSC concentrator with a spiral channel for inertial focusing.
  • Fabricated and assembled the device for ease of use and potential commercialization.
  • Tested performance with varying initial concentrations and flow rates, including hand-powered operation.

Main Results:

  • The IMSC concentrator effectively concentrates cells using inertial focusing.
  • Achieved high throughput (3.0 mL/min) and concentration (up to 4.2 × 10^7 counts/mL) for pollen particles and MCF-7 cells.
  • Demonstrated successful hand-powered operation, suitable for resource-limited settings.

Conclusions:

  • The IMSC concentrator is a promising, low-cost, and easy-to-use tool for cell concentration.
  • Its design facilitates seamless integration into commercial products.
  • Offers a "centrifugation on a syringe tip" solution for various cell concentration applications in resource-poor settings.