Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

30.0K
Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to...
30.0K
Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

3.3K
3.3K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

8.2K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
8.2K
Testosterone: Functions and Regulation01:26

Testosterone: Functions and Regulation

2.3K
The intricate hormonal interplay essential for male reproductive health begins with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH targets the Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating them to produce and release testosterone. In concert with testosterone, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to facilitate the release of...
2.3K
Fruit Development, Structure, and Function01:58

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

25.4K
Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
25.4K
Structure and Function of Erythrocytes01:29

Structure and Function of Erythrocytes

6.0K
There are between 4.2 and 6 million erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, in every microliter of blood. These cells are small, flattened biconcave discs with centers that are depressed.
The erythrocyte plasma membrane is associated with proteins such as spectrin, which forms a flexible cytoplasmic meshwork. This meshwork allows erythrocytes to twist, turn, become cup-shaped, and regain their biconcave shape as they pass through narrow capillaries. Additionally, erythrocytes can form...
6.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Open-channel block of human TRPV6 by polyamine spermine.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Refining the mechanism of heme acquisition from free hemoglobin by <i><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i></i> IsdH.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Molecular mechanism of transition-state inhibitors of bacterial antibiotic efflux pumps.

npj antimicrobials and resistance·2026
Same author

A lipoprotein partner for the <i>Escherichia coli</i> outer membrane protein TolC.

eLife·2026
Same author

A specific amount of RamA must be reached to trigger increased expression of AcrAB, enhance efflux, and confer multidrug resistance.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

A model for drug transport across two membranes of Gram-negative bacteria by an MFS tripartite assembly.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Waterborne diseases and climate change.

Nature reviews. Microbiology·2026
Same journal

Climate adaptation and biodiversity shape West Nile virus risk in cities.

Nature reviews. Microbiology·2026
Same journal

Climate factors and evolution drive cholera surges in Dhaka.

Nature reviews. Microbiology·2026
Same journal

Climate change boosts Salmonella antimicrobial resistance.

Nature reviews. Microbiology·2026
Same journal

Reframing risk assessment for malaria elimination in a changing climate.

Nature reviews. Microbiology·2026
Same journal

Bacterial vesicles protect the membrane during polymyxin stress.

Nature reviews. Microbiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Antibiotic Resistance Research Using an Efflux&#45;Deficient Bacterial Strain and a Single&#45;Copy Gene Expression System
05:06

Author Spotlight: Advancing Antibiotic Resistance Research Using an Efflux-Deficient Bacterial Strain and a Single-Copy Gene Expression System

Published on: January 5, 2024

1.1K

Multidrug efflux pumps: structure, function and regulation.

Dijun Du1, Xuan Wang-Kan2, Arthur Neuberger1,3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Nature Reviews. Microbiology
|July 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are a growing threat. Understanding bacterial efflux pumps, which export drugs and contribute to resistance, offers new strategies to combat these infections.

More Related Videos

In vitro Investigation of the MexAB Efflux Pump From Pseudomonas aeruginosa
13:40

In vitro Investigation of the MexAB Efflux Pump From Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Published on: February 17, 2014

12.2K
Improving the Accuracy of Flow Cytometric Assessment of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Through the Inhibition of Efflux Pumps
07:17

Improving the Accuracy of Flow Cytometric Assessment of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Through the Inhibition of Efflux Pumps

Published on: July 30, 2019

8.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Antibiotic Resistance Research Using an Efflux&#45;Deficient Bacterial Strain and a Single&#45;Copy Gene Expression System
05:06

Author Spotlight: Advancing Antibiotic Resistance Research Using an Efflux-Deficient Bacterial Strain and a Single-Copy Gene Expression System

Published on: January 5, 2024

1.1K
In vitro Investigation of the MexAB Efflux Pump From Pseudomonas aeruginosa
13:40

In vitro Investigation of the MexAB Efflux Pump From Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Published on: February 17, 2014

12.2K
Improving the Accuracy of Flow Cytometric Assessment of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Through the Inhibition of Efflux Pumps
07:17

Improving the Accuracy of Flow Cytometric Assessment of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Through the Inhibition of Efflux Pumps

Published on: July 30, 2019

8.4K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections pose a significant global health challenge, potentially rendering current treatments ineffective.
  • A key mechanism enabling bacterial drug resistance is the activity of efflux pumps, which actively transport antimicrobial agents out of bacterial cells.
  • Efflux pumps are intrinsic to bacteria and play a complex role in the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the structure and molecular mechanisms of bacterial multidrug efflux pumps.
  • To explore the multifaceted roles of efflux pumps beyond drug extrusion, including their involvement in bacterial virulence and adaptive resistance responses.
  • To identify potential therapeutic strategies targeting efflux pump activity to overcome antimicrobial resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications on bacterial efflux pumps.
  • Analysis of structural and mechanistic data related to multidrug efflux pumps.
  • Synthesis of clinical and laboratory findings on efflux pump function in infection and resistance.

Main Results:

  • Recent research has significantly enhanced the understanding of multidrug efflux pump structures and their molecular mechanisms in bacteria.
  • Efflux pumps are implicated not only in drug extrusion but also in bacterial virulence and adaptive responses contributing to antimicrobial resistance.
  • The detailed knowledge of efflux pump structure, function, and regulation provides a basis for developing novel therapeutic interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting bacterial efflux pumps presents a promising avenue for combating the escalating crisis of multidrug-resistant infections.
  • Further research into the intricate mechanisms of efflux pumps can lead to the development of effective strategies to restore antimicrobial efficacy.
  • Understanding efflux pump roles in virulence and adaptation is crucial for comprehensive approaches to antimicrobial resistance control.