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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions
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Targeting epigenetics using synthetic lethality in precision medicine.

Ee Sin Chen1,2,3,4

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore. bchces@nus.edu.sg.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|July 14, 2018
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Summary

Genomic advancements enable personalized medicine through synthetic lethality, targeting cancer

Keywords:
CancersEpigeneticsGene networkPrecision medicineSynthetic lethality

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Area of Science:

  • Genomic medicine
  • Cancer therapeutics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Genomic breakthroughs are revolutionizing clinical therapy by utilizing patient genetic variations.
  • The synthetic lethal approach exploits cancer-specific genetic alterations for targeted therapy.
  • This strategy is particularly promising for poor-prognosis cancers with loss-of-function mutations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the chemotherapeutic targeting of epigenetic alterations in cancer.
  • To consolidate the network of epigenetic and genetic regulators in DNA damage repair.
  • To identify druggable synergistic interactions for cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of genomic advancements and synthetic lethality.
  • Analysis of epigenetic modifications and their role in DNA damage repair.
  • Consolidation of a network map of interacting genetic and epigenetic regulators.

Main Results:

  • Identified numerous synergistically acting, druggable relationships within the epigenetic-genetic regulator network.
  • Demonstrated the applicability of this approach in recalcitrant cancers like triple-negative breast cancer.
  • Highlighted the potential of targeting epigenetic alterations for cancer therapy.

Conclusions:

  • The integration of genomics and epigenetics heralds a new era of personalized cancer medicine.
  • Synthetic lethality and epigenetic targeting offer novel therapeutic strategies for difficult-to-treat cancers.
  • Druggable interactions within DNA damage repair pathways provide avenues for targeted drug development.