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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

A Simple Flow Cytometric Method to Measure Glucose Uptake and Glucose Transporter Expression for Monocyte Subpopulations in Whole Blood
Published on: August 12, 2016
Observational research on sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors: A real breakthrough?
Emanuel Raschi1, Elisabetta Poluzzi1, Gian Paolo Fadini2
1Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Abstract:
Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors have attracted the interest of the scientific community following the results from dedicated cardiovascular outcome trials, which demonstrated remarkable reduction in all-cause mortality and other cardiovascular (CV) endpoints with empagliflozin and canagliflozin. These impressive results raised further expectations on real world data from large observational cohort studies. They were designed to address the possible existence of a class effect, and the uncertainty on whether this benefit can be extended from secondary to primary CV prevention of patients with type 2 diabetes. In this review, we collated data from existing observational studies (including the celebrated CVD-REAL cohorts) and critically appraised results and methodological issues with the aim of providing clinical insight, including unsettled aspects, and proposing a research agenda for future investigations.
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