Condylar changes after orthognathic surgery for class III dentofacial deformity: a systematic review

Area of Science:

• Orthodontics and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Dental Research

Background:

• Orthognathic surgery corrects dentofacial deformities, with mandibular condyle remodelling a known post-operative occurrence, especially in Class II cases.
• Condylar resorption is a potential complication following orthognathic surgery, but data on its incidence after Class III correction is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the literature for reports on condylar resorption or remodelling after orthognathic surgery in patients with Class III dentofacial deformities.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was conducted across international databases.
• Twelve studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the review.

Main Results:

• Eight of the included studies reported some degree of postoperative condylar remodelling in Class III patients.
• Condylar resorption symptoms were described in only a limited number of patients.

Conclusions:

• Evidence suggests condylar remodelling can occur after orthognathic treatment for Class III deformities, with anecdotal reports of resorption.
• Limitations include small sample sizes, methodological heterogeneity, and reliance on 2D radiographs, highlighting the need for advanced 3D imaging research.