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Increased choriocapillaris vessel density in amblyopic children: a case-control study
Enrico Borrelli1, Marcela Lonngi2, Siva Balasubramanian3
1Doheny Image Reading Center, Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California; Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Summary
Children with amblyopia show increased choriocapillaris vessel density and outer parafoveal thickness. These findings in the choroid may indicate altered outer retinal maturation in amblyopic eyes.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Medical Imaging
- Pediatric Eye Care
Background:
- Amblyopia, or "lazy eye," affects visual development in children.
- The choriocapillaris, a vascular layer crucial for retinal health, has not been extensively studied in amblyopia.
- Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) offers a non-invasive method to visualize the choriocapillaris.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the choriocapillaris in children diagnosed with amblyopia.
- To compare choriocapillaris vessel density and macular thickness between amblyopic children and healthy controls.
- To explore potential links between ocular development and amblyopia.
Main Methods:
- Prospective imaging of 20 eyes from 16 amblyopic children and 25 eyes from 25 age-matched controls using OCT-A.
- Exclusion of areas with shadowing or projection artifacts from choriocapillaris analysis.
- Measurement of choriocapillaris vessel density, foveal macular thickness, and parafoveal macular thickness as primary and secondary outcomes.
Main Results:
- Amblyopic eyes exhibited significantly higher choriocapillaris vessel density compared to controls (P=0.012), even after adjusting for age and refractive error.
- No significant differences were found in foveal or parafoveal macular thickness between the groups.
- Outer parafoveal macular thickness was significantly greater in amblyopic eyes (P=0.014), suggesting developmental differences.
Conclusions:
- Amblyopic eyes demonstrate increased choriocapillaris vessel density.
- A greater outer parafoveal macular thickness in amblyopic eyes suggests potential alterations in outer retinal maturation.
- OCT-A is a valuable tool for assessing microvascular and structural changes in pediatric amblyopia.
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