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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Synthesis of PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Janus Microhydrogels for Anisotropic Thermo-responsiveness and Organophilic/Hydrophilic Loading Capability

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Reshaping of a Janus ring.

A P Zakharov¹, L M Pismen¹

¹Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.

Physical Review. E

|July 18, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Janus filaments with intrinsic curvature reshape into complex, nonplanar shapes. Their looping behavior depends on curvature and twist, with multiple stable configurations possible.

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Area of Science:

Soft Matter Physics
Materials Science
Applied Mathematics

Background:

Janus filaments are composite materials with distinct properties on each side.
Nematic elastomers exhibit shape changes upon phase transitions, enabling actuation.
Intrinsic curvature can drive complex shape transformations in filaments.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the reshaping dynamics of closed Janus filaments with intrinsic curvature.
To analyze the influence of nematic elastomer actuation on filament morphology.
To understand the relationship between curvature, twist, and emergent stable shapes.

Main Methods:

Linear stability analysis to determine instability thresholds.
Numerical modeling of elastic energy minimization to find stable configurations.
Analysis of the effect of intrinsic curvature ratio (q) and imposed twist.

Main Results:

Instability thresholds for untwisted circles were identified, dependent on the curvature ratio (q).
Twisted circles showed absolute instability, but linear analysis predicted looping number dependence on twist.
Numerical simulations revealed multiple stable and metastable states with varying looping numbers.
Subcritical bifurcation for untwisted circles allows for lower-energy nonplanar shapes below critical q.
The looping number of stable shapes generally increases with the intrinsic curvature ratio (q).

Conclusions:

Actuation of nematic elastomers in Janus filaments leads to complex reshaping.
Filament morphology is highly sensitive to intrinsic curvature and applied twist.
Multiple stable configurations with different looping numbers can emerge, offering design flexibility.