Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ladder Diagrams: Acid–Base Equilibria01:32

Ladder Diagrams: Acid–Base Equilibria

1.8K
Understanding the chemistry between the reagents is necessary for performing any experiment. To this end, scientists have designed a tool called a ladder diagram, which is a graphical representation that helps illustrate the chemistry of a system.
A ladder diagram for acid-base equilibria consists of a vertical axis that represents pH and horizontal bars (steps on the ladder) that help position all the pKa values in the system. At equilibrium, the pH value of the system corresponds to one of...
1.8K
Resistors In Series01:10

Resistors In Series

6.6K
A resistor is an ohmic device that limits the flow of charge in a circuit. Most circuits have more than one resistor. If several resistors are connected together and connected to a battery, the current supplied by the battery depends on the equivalent resistance of the circuit. The equivalent resistance of a combination of resistors depends on both their individual values and how they are connected. The simplest combination of resistors is the series combination. 
In a series circuit, the...
6.6K
Combination Of Resistors01:18

Combination Of Resistors

4.0K
Electrical devices in any circuit can be connected either by series or parallel connections. Additionally, circuits can be connected involving both of these connections, known as combination or complex circuits. As these circuits have complex resistor connections, it is necessary to identify different parts as either series or parallel connections, then the whole combination of series and parallel resistors can be reduced to a single equivalent resistance. With the known equivalent resistance...
4.0K
Resistors In Parallel01:23

Resistors In Parallel

6.4K
Resistors are in parallel when one end of all the resistors are connected to a continuous wire of negligible resistance and the other end of all the resistors are also connected to one another through a continuous wire of negligible resistance. In the case of a parallel configuration, the potential drop across each resistor is the same. Current through each resistor can be found using Ohm’s law, I = V/R, where the voltage is constant across each resistor. The sum of the individual currents...
6.4K
Resistor in an AC Circuit01:31

Resistor in an AC Circuit

3.2K
An alternating emf or voltage source is needed to supply an alternating current (AC) to a circuit. A coil of wire rotating in a magnetic field at a constant angular speed represents such a source. It also generates a sinusoidal alternating emf and serves as an industrial alternator.
One-way current through the meter is measured using diodes. A diode is a device with better conductivity in one direction compared to the other; in its ideal state, it has zero resistance in one direction and allows...
3.2K
Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria01:07

Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria

634
Ladder diagrams are useful for evaluating equilibria involving metal-ligand complexes. The vertical scale of the ladder diagram represents the concentration of unreacted or free ligand, pL. The horizontal lines on the scale depict the log of stepwise formation constants for metal-ligand complexes and indicate the dominant species in all the regions.
The formation constant, K1, for the formation of Cd(NH3)2+ complex from cadmium and ammonia is 3.55 × 102. Log K1 (i.e. pNH3) is 2.55, and...
634

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Stretchable Microelectrode Arrays with Microneedles for Reliable Electrophysiological Recording of Human Heart and Brain Organoids.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Pre-snapback mode operation of CMUT for enhanced acoustic performance.

Microsystems & nanoengineering·2026
Same author

PROX1 loss in adult mouse Schlemm's canal causes permanent ocular hypertension.

JCI insight·2026
Same author

Using deep learning to assess the toxicological effects of sublethal exposure of a novel green pesticide in a stored-product beetle.

Pest management science·2026
Same author

PROX1 loss in adult mouse Schlemm's canal causes permanent ocular hypertension.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation for Tic Disorder Therapy: Preclinical Validation With Clinically Relevant Parameters.

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Mechanical Stimulation of Chondrocyte-agarose Hydrogels
12:45

Mechanical Stimulation of Chondrocyte-agarose Hydrogels

Published on: October 27, 2012

12.1K

Polypyrrole/Agarose Hydrogel-Based Bladder Volume Sensor with a Resistor Ladder Structure.

Mi Kyung Kim1, Sungwoo Lee2, Inug Yoon3

  • 1School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea. kmkyung@kaist.ac.kr.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel sensor for monitoring bladder volume using a discrete resistive ladder network. This approach offers a more robust and less drift-prone method for tracking urinary dysfunction compared to continuous monitoring.

Keywords:
bladder monitoringbladder volumeresistor structuresmall strainswitch contact mode

More Related Videos

Force-Clamp Rheometry for Characterizing Protein-based Hydrogels
09:55

Force-Clamp Rheometry for Characterizing Protein-based Hydrogels

Published on: August 21, 2018

7.4K
An Aptamer-based Sensor for Unchelated GadoliniumIII
05:15

An Aptamer-based Sensor for Unchelated GadoliniumIII

Published on: January 9, 2017

7.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Mechanical Stimulation of Chondrocyte-agarose Hydrogels
12:45

Mechanical Stimulation of Chondrocyte-agarose Hydrogels

Published on: October 27, 2012

12.1K
Force-Clamp Rheometry for Characterizing Protein-based Hydrogels
09:55

Force-Clamp Rheometry for Characterizing Protein-based Hydrogels

Published on: August 21, 2018

7.4K
An Aptamer-based Sensor for Unchelated GadoliniumIII
05:15

An Aptamer-based Sensor for Unchelated GadoliniumIII

Published on: January 9, 2017

7.8K

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Urology

Background:

  • Chronic monitoring of bladder activity is crucial for managing urinary dysfunctions.
  • Current methods face challenges due to bladder anatomy and dynamics, limiting precision.
  • Existing continuous monitoring techniques are susceptible to drift from environmental factors and material degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a new sensing mechanism for chronic and precise bladder volume monitoring.
  • To introduce a discrete-mode sensor less prone to drift compared to continuous methods.
  • To demonstrate a multi-step bladder volume monitoring system.

Main Methods:

  • A resistive ladder network with contact switches was designed for discrete bladder volume measurement.
  • Proof-of-concept sensors were developed to compare discrete-mode with continuous-mode operation.
  • A conductive polypyrrole/agarose hydrogel composite, mimicking bladder wall elasticity, was used for sensor implementation.
  • Multi-pair contact switches in a resistor ladder structure were tested on an idealized balloon and ex vivo pig bladder.

Main Results:

  • The proposed sensor provides a digitized ('on'/'off') output at specific bladder volume thresholds.
  • Four discrete bladder volume levels were successfully monitored using the multi-pair switch system.
  • The discrete-mode operation showed reduced susceptibility to drift compared to continuous-mode operation.
  • The hydrogel composite material demonstrated mechanical properties similar to the bladder wall.

Conclusions:

  • The novel discrete-mode sensing mechanism offers a promising approach for reliable bladder volume monitoring.
  • This technology has the potential to improve patient management for urinary dysfunctions.
  • The use of a biocompatible hydrogel composite enhances sensor durability and performance.