Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

662
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
662
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

1.4K
Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
1.4K
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

888
Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
888
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

1.9K
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
1.9K
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

5.9K
Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
5.9K
Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

Sensory Functions of the Skin

8.3K
The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...
8.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Rationalising heterogeneity in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: current progress and future goals.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Antibiotic-induced Malassezia expansion in the infant gut promotes early-life immune dysregulation and airway inflammation in mice.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Bacterial targeting of the neutrophil inhibitory receptor LILRB3 to evade antibody immunity.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Development and validation of a multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging-based nomogram for predicting feasibility of sphincter-preserving surgery in mid-low rectal cancer.

Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu·2026
Same author

Staphylococcal lipoproteins and peptidoglycans synergize to drive skin abscess formation.

mBio·2026
Same author

Representations of Nonlocal Syntactic Dependencies Feed Verb Learning in Infancy.

Developmental science·2026
Same journal

Non-canonical gene amplifications facilitate adaptive evolution in bacteria.

Nature microbiology·2026
Same journal

Identification of genetic markers of quinine partial resistance in Plasmodium falciparum.

Nature microbiology·2026
Same journal

The penicillin-binding protein PBP1b fortifies the Escherichia coli division site against osmotic rupture.

Nature microbiology·2026
Same journal

Identification of chemical features for improved outer membrane permeation in mycobacteria using machine learning.

Nature microbiology·2026
Same journal

Author Correction: Gut commensal Christensenella minuta modulates host metabolism via acylated secondary bile acids.

Nature microbiology·2026
Same journal

Mobile genetic elements shape microbial diversity and functions in thawing permafrost soils.

Nature microbiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Quantifying the Cytotoxicity of Staphylococcus aureus Against Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
12:27

Quantifying the Cytotoxicity of Staphylococcus aureus Against Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

Published on: January 3, 2020

6.8K

Human skin commensals augment Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis.

Emma Boldock1,2,3, Bas G J Surewaard4,5, Daria Shamarina1,2

  • 1Florey Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.

Nature Microbiology
|July 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Commensal skin flora, acting as

More Related Videos

Staphylococcus aureus Growth using Human Hemoglobin as an Iron Source
06:37

Staphylococcus aureus Growth using Human Hemoglobin as an Iron Source

Published on: February 7, 2013

17.1K
Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus
08:32

Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus

Published on: January 17, 2025

1.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Quantifying the Cytotoxicity of Staphylococcus aureus Against Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
12:27

Quantifying the Cytotoxicity of Staphylococcus aureus Against Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

Published on: January 3, 2020

6.8K
Staphylococcus aureus Growth using Human Hemoglobin as an Iron Source
06:37

Staphylococcus aureus Growth using Human Hemoglobin as an Iron Source

Published on: February 7, 2013

17.1K
Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus
08:32

Development and Assessment of Intracellular Infection Models for Staphylococcus aureus

Published on: January 17, 2025

1.3K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Bacterial infections occur in polymicrobial environments, with emphasis on probiotic competition.
  • The role of commensal microflora in pathogen virulence is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of commensal skin flora in augmenting Staphylococcus aureus virulence.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which commensal microflora enhance pathogen proliferation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized various S. aureus strains and infection models.
  • Investigated the role of cell wall peptidoglycan in pathogenesis augmentation.
  • Examined the involvement of Kupffer cells and reactive oxygen species in a mouse sepsis model.

Main Results:

  • Commensal skin flora and peptidoglycan significantly augment S. aureus virulence, reducing the infectious dose.
  • Pathogenesis augmentation is independent of known receptor-mediated pathways (Nod1, Nod2, Myd88, NLPR3 inflammasome).
  • In mouse sepsis, Kupffer cells internalize pathogens and proinfectious agents, promoting S. aureus survival and liver abscesses.

Conclusions:

  • Native skin microflora can act as 'proinfectious agents,' increasing susceptibility to S. aureus infections.
  • The augmented infection model better reflects natural disease initiation.
  • Understanding microflora's role offers potential strategies for preventing S. aureus infections.