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Related Concept Videos

Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

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Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
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Antibody Actions01:26

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Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
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Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
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Agonism and Antagonism: Quantification01:14

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When drugs are administered, they can elicit either an agonist or antagonist effect on the body. Agonism occurs when a drug activates a specific receptor, triggering a biological response. On the other hand, antagonism happens when a drug binds to the same receptors but blocks their activation, thereby preventing a biological response.
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Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
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Base Excision Repair01:54

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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Multicolor Flow Cytometry-based Quantification of Mitochondria and Lysosomes in T Cells
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An antibody-based platform for melatonin quantification.

Laís C Brazaca1, Camila B Bramorski1, Juliana Cancino-Bernardi1

  • 1Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology Group, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.

Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces
|July 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new electrochemical immunosensor for quickly measuring melatonin levels. This easy-to-use device offers a promising alternative for diagnosing diseases linked to abnormal melatonin.

Keywords:
AntibodyElectrochemical biosensorElectrochemical impedance spectroscopyHormoneMelatonin

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Immunosensing

Background:

  • Melatonin, a hormone regulating biological rhythms, is crucial for physiological processes.
  • Abnormal melatonin levels are linked to diseases like type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's, and cancer.
  • Current melatonin quantification methods (ELISA, radioimmunoassays) require specialized equipment and personnel.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, user-friendly electrochemical immunosensor for rapid melatonin quantification.
  • To overcome the limitations of existing melatonin detection techniques.
  • To provide a tool for precise diagnosis of melatonin-related diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Immobilization of anti-melatonin antibodies onto Indium tin oxide (ITO) platforms.
  • Utilizing (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), EDC, and NHS crosslinkers for antibody attachment.
  • Quantification using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV).

Main Results:

  • The immunosensor demonstrated a linear response from 0.75 to 7.5 μmol/L for synthetic melatonin.
  • Achieved a limit of detection of 0.175 μmol/L (EIS) and 0.513 μmol/L (CV).
  • Exhibited good stability and reproducibility over 30 days, with performance comparable to ELISA on biological samples.

Conclusions:

  • The developed electrochemical immunosensor offers a rapid and accessible method for melatonin quantification.
  • This technology has the potential to significantly aid in the diagnosis of diseases associated with abnormal melatonin levels.
  • The device's ease of use and comparable performance to ELISA make it a valuable tool for clinical applications.