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Related Concept Videos

Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base02:28

Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base

34.0K
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Strong Acid/Strong Base
A titration is carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.100 M of a strong base NaOH. The pH at different volumes of added base solution can be calculated as follows:
(a) Titrant volume = 0 mL. The solution pH is due to the acid ionization of HCl. Because this is a strong acid, the ionization is complete and the hydronium ion molarity is 0.100 M. The pH of the solution is then:
34.0K
Strong Acid and Base Solutions03:22

Strong Acid and Base Solutions

35.9K
A strong acid is a compound that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution and produces a concentration of hydronium ions equal to the initial concentration of acid. For example, 0.20 M hydrobromic acid will dissociate completely in water and produces 0.20 M of hydronium ions and 0.20 M of bromide ions.
35.9K
Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base01:23

Titration of a Strong Acid with a Strong Base

10.5K
During the titration of a strong acid with a strong base, pH calculations are primarily based on the concentration of residual hydronium or hydroxide ions. Initially, a strong acid like hydrochloric acid fully dissociates, creating hydronium and chloride ions, resulting in a low pH. The addition of a strong base like sodium hydroxide alters the concentration of hydronium ions by neutralizing them. As more base is added, the pH gradually increases. At the equivalence point, all hydronium ions...
10.5K
The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength02:18

The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength

15.1K
The equilibrium binding constant (Kb) quantifies the strength of a protein-ligand interaction. Kb can be calculated as follows when the reaction is at equilibrium:
15.1K
Polarity of the Cytoskeleton01:18

Polarity of the Cytoskeleton

25.3K
The intrinsic polarity of cells can be primarily attributed to two factors- i) the asymmetric accumulation of mobile components such are regulatory molecules and subcellular components across the cell and ii) the orientation of polar cytoskeletal filaments that make up the cytoskeletal networks, specifically microfilaments, and microtubules arranged along the axis of polarity. Interactions between the cytoskeletal filaments are crucial for the establishment and maintenance of the polar nature...
25.3K
Introduction to the Cytoskeleton01:33

Introduction to the Cytoskeleton

35.0K
Overview of the Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments present within the cell, having three distinct filaments ̶   microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. Each has characteristic features that distinguish them, including the dynamics of their assembly and disassembly, mechanical properties, polarity, and the type of molecular motors associated with them. Earlier, they were thought to be present only in eukaryotic cells; however, their...
35.0K

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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Quantifying Cytoskeleton Dynamics Using Differential Dynamic Microscopy
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Strong cytoskeleton activity on millisecond timescales upon particle binding revealed by ROCS microscopy.

Felix Jünger1, Alexander Rohrbach1,2

  • 1Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Photonics, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Cytoskeleton (Hoboken, N.J.)
|July 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers visualized rapid cellular responses using Rotating Coherent Scattering (ROCS) microscopy. This novel technique reveals near-membrane cytoskeleton activity occurring on millisecond timescales, much faster than previously observed.

Keywords:
actin dynamicsbiophysicscoherent imaginglive-cell imagingsuperresolution microscopy

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DNA-magnetic Particle Binding Analysis by Dynamic and Electrophoretic Light Scattering
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Cellular structures dynamically reorganize on various timescales in response to stimuli.
  • Observing rapid cytoskeletal dynamics is challenging due to motion superposition and imaging limitations.
  • Traditional fluorescence microscopy lacks the spatiotemporal resolution for sub-second cellular events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend Rotating Coherent Scattering (ROCS) microscopy for visualizing rapid cytoskeleton activity.
  • To quantify near-membrane cytoskeleton dynamics in mouse macrophages upon mechanical stimulation.
  • To investigate cellular responses occurring on millisecond timescales.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an extended ROCS microscopy technique incorporating dynamic light scattering principles.
  • Applied mechanical stimuli using optically trapped beads to mouse macrophages.
  • Analyzed dynamic speckle patterns to observe structural reorganization processes.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high spatiotemporal resolution (150 nm, 100 Hz) without fluorescence or photobleaching.
  • Visualized and quantified cytoskeleton activity at the cellular membrane.
  • Identified significant near-membrane cytoskeleton activity occurring on millisecond timescales.

Conclusions:

  • The extended ROCS microscopy provides unprecedented insight into rapid cellular dynamics.
  • Cellular responses to mechanical stimuli involve cytoskeleton activity on much faster timescales than previously reported.
  • This technique opens new avenues for studying dynamic cellular processes in real-time.