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Atherosclerosis in the single-cell era.

Holger Winkels1, Erik Ehinger1, Yanal Ghosheh1

  • 1Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-parameter technologies like mass cytometry (CyTOF) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) reveal diverse immune cell subsets in atherosclerosis. These methods identify new cell types and functions within the artery wall, advancing our understanding of immune roles in disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis is an immune-mediated disease.
  • Understanding immune cell roles is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
  • High-parameter technologies offer unprecedented resolution of cellular heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in analyzing immune cells within the artery wall.
  • To compare mass cytometry (CyTOF) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) for immune cell profiling in atherosclerosis.
  • To discuss the potential for discovering novel immune cell subsets and functions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of leukocytes from mouse aortae using mass cytometry (CyTOF).
  • Application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to study immune cell transcriptomes.
  • Comparative analysis of data generated by CyTOF and scRNAseq.

Main Results:

  • Both CyTOF and scRNAseq identified 10-30 immune cell subsets, including myeloid, T, B, and natural killer cells.
  • Novel immune cell subsets were suggested by both technologies, particularly within B cells and macrophages.
  • scRNAseq provided functional insights, while CyTOF excelled at subset discrimination.

Conclusions:

  • High-parameter methods significantly enhance the understanding of leukocyte diversity in atherosclerosis.
  • CyTOF and scRNAseq are powerful, complementary tools for dissecting the immune landscape of the artery wall.
  • Further research is needed to fully characterize newly identified immune cell subsets and their functions in atherosclerosis.