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PCV13 vaccination impact: A multicenter study of pneumonia in 10 pediatric hospitals in Argentina

Angela Gentile1, Julia Bakir1, Verónica Firpo2

  • 1Epidemiology, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Plos One
|July 19, 2018
PubMed

Insights

The introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 13 (PCV13) in Argentina significantly reduced hospitalizations for Consolidated Pneumonia (CP) and Pneumococcal Pneumonia (PP) in children under five. The vaccine also decreased PP rates in older children and reduced the prevalence of PCV13 serotypes.

Area of Science:

  • * Public Health and Epidemiology
  • * Vaccinology and Infectious Diseases
  • * Pediatric Medicine

Background:

  • * Argentina implemented the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in its National Immunization Program in 2012, using a 2+1 schedule for children under two years old.
  • * Initial vaccine coverage rates for the first and third doses were 69% and 41.0% in 2012, increasing to 98% and 86% by 2013, and 99% and 89% by 2014.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To assess the impact of PCV13 introduction on the burden of Consolidated Pneumonia (CP) and Pneumococcal Pneumonia (PP) in hospitalized children.
  • * To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Pneumococcal Pneumonia (PP) cases during the three years following PCV13 implementation.

Main Methods:

  • * A hospital-based study was conducted across 10 pediatric surveillance units in Argentina.
  • * Discharge rates for CP and PP per 10,000 hospital discharges were compared between the pre-vaccination period (2007-2011), the intervention year (2012), and the post-vaccination period (2013-2014).

Main Results:

  • * Significant reductions in CP and PP discharge rates were observed in children under 5 years old post-PCV13 introduction.
  • * Specifically, CP discharge rates decreased by 10.2% in 2012 and 24.8% in the post-vaccination period; PP rates dropped by 59.5% in 2012 and 68.8% post-vaccination.
  • * A notable decrease in PCV13 serotypes was observed, from 83.0% in 2012 to 64.2% in the post-vaccination period (p = 0.039).

Conclusions:

  • * The introduction of PCV13 led to a significant decrease in hospital discharge rates for both CP and PP among children under five.
  • * The study also observed a significant reduction in PP discharge rates among children aged five years and older.
  • * The findings support the effectiveness of PCV13 in reducing the burden of pneumococcal disease in a national immunization program setting.
Abstract

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