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Elisa Benelli1,2, Annachiara Zin3, Stefano Martelossi4

  • 1Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy - elisa.benelli@gmail.com.

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Celiac disease diagnosis in children can be confirmed without biopsy in some cases using specific antibody tests and genetic markers. Treatment involves a lifelong gluten-free diet, leading to a good prognosis for pediatric patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Celiac disease is a common immune-mediated disorder triggered by gluten ingestion.
  • Symptoms are heterogeneous and vary with age in pediatric patients.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss current literature on childhood celiac disease.
  • To highlight diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies.
  • To emphasize the prognosis and management in pediatric celiac disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on celiac disease in childhood.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria including serological markers and genetic predisposition.
  • Discussion of therapeutic guidelines and long-term outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Serum anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA is the primary screening test.
  • Antiendomysium IgA and antideamidated gliadin peptides IgG aid in diagnosis.
  • Biopsy avoidance is possible in symptomatic pediatric cases with specific positive markers and HLA DQ2/DQ8, per 2012 guidelines.

Conclusions:

  • Diagnosis of celiac disease in children relies on a combination of serological tests and genetic factors.
  • A gluten-free diet is the established lifelong therapy.
  • Childhood celiac disease generally has a favorable prognosis without complications when managed appropriately.