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Related Concept Videos

DNA Topoisomerases02:02

DNA Topoisomerases

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Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
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DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
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Designing a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami
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Designing a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami

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DNA Origami Nanomachines.

Masayuki Endo1, Hiroshi Sugiyama2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. endo@kuchem.kyoto-u.ac.jp.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA nanostructures enable the creation of advanced molecular machines and dynamic systems. This research reviews novel DNA nanomachines and nanosystems built on designed DNA nanostructures for nanotechnology applications.

Keywords:
DNA nanomachineDNA nanotechnologyDNA origamihigh-speed AFMsingle-molecule analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • DNA's programmability allows for precise assembly of molecules and nanomaterials.
  • DNA origami is a key technique for designing functionalized nanostructures and devices.
  • DNA molecular machines perform programmed movements, mimicking biological functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in DNA nanomachines and nanosystems.
  • To highlight the construction of these systems on designed DNA nanostructures.
  • To showcase the potential of DNA-based nanotechnology.

Main Methods:

  • Design of DNA sequences for nanoscale structure construction.
  • Utilizing DNA origami for creating functionalized nanostructures.
  • Engineering DNA molecular machines and systems for specific movements and functions.

Main Results:

  • Development of DNA nanomachines, including molecular motors, operating on DNA nanostructures.
  • Creation of dynamic DNA nanostructures with mechanically controllable systems.
  • Assembly of complex molecular systems on DNA nanostructures to mimic biological functions.

Conclusions:

  • DNA nanostructures are powerful platforms for building sophisticated nanomachines and nanosystems.
  • Recent research demonstrates significant progress in dynamic and functional DNA-based nanotechnology.
  • These advancements pave the way for novel applications in molecular robotics and synthetic biology.