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Cortical Speech Processing in Postlingually Deaf Adult Cochlear Implant Users, as Revealed by Functional

Xin Zhou1,2, Abd-Krim Seghouane3, Adnan Shah3

  • 11 Bionics Institute of Australia, East Melbourne, Australia.

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Summary

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) successfully imaged brain activity in cochlear implant (CI) users. Higher cross-modal activity correlated with poorer speech understanding, revealing insights into auditory processing.

Keywords:
cochlear implantcortical activityfunctional near-infrared spectroscopyspeech understanding

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Audiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Cochlear implants (CI) aim to restore hearing but speech understanding varies.
  • Understanding the neural basis of speech perception in CI users is crucial.
  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers a non-invasive method to study cortical activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of using fNIRS to image cortical activity in CI users' language areas.
  • To explore the relationship between brain activity and speech understanding in CI users.
  • To investigate cross-modal plasticity in the auditory cortex of CI users.

Main Methods:

  • fNIRS was used to measure brain activation in 15 experienced CI users and 14 normal-hearing participants.
  • Participants were presented with visual and auditory speech stimuli.
  • Brain activity was recorded from prefrontal, temporal, and parietal lobes in both hemispheres.

Main Results:

  • In CI users, increased activation in the left superior temporal gyrus/sulcus during visual speech negatively correlated with auditory speech understanding.
  • This suggests heightened cross-modal activity predicts poorer auditory speech perception.
  • Significant negative correlations between activation in the right anterior temporal lobe and left middle superior temporal lobe and speech understanding were also observed in CI users.

Conclusions:

  • fNIRS is a feasible tool for mapping cortical activity related to speech understanding in CI users.
  • Cortical activation patterns, particularly cross-modal activity, are associated with speech perception abilities in CI users.
  • Findings highlight the potential of fNIRS for understanding neural adaptations and guiding auditory rehabilitation strategies.