Impact of Epilepsy on Adolescents in a Rural Nigerian Community: A Case-Control Study

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Public Health
• Adolescent Medicine

Background:

• Epilepsy significantly impairs physical, psychological, and social functioning in affected individuals.
• Understanding the multifaceted impact of epilepsy is vital for enhancing patient well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the effects of epilepsy on the physical, psychological, and social status of adolescents in a rural setting.
• To identify key challenges faced by adolescents with epilepsy.

Main Methods:

• A community-based survey identified adolescents with epilepsy and matched controls.
• Structured questionnaires collected data on demographics, epilepsy characteristics, treatment, Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), Body Mass Index (BMI), academic performance, and epilepsy-related problems.

Main Results:

• Epilepsy was diagnosed in 18 adolescents (10.5/1000), predominantly males, with generalized seizures treated with traditional medication.
• Major challenges included seizures, treatment costs, and stigma, with traditional medication being the primary coping strategy.
• Epilepsy was significantly associated with impaired HRQOL, academic performance, and social relationships.

Conclusions:

• Epilepsy adversely affects the psychosocial and academic well-being of adolescents.
• There is a critical need for integrated adolescent health and social services to support epilepsy management.