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Obesity and renal cell carcinoma risk by histologic subtype: A nested case-control study and meta-analysis
Catherine L Callahan1, Jonathan N Hofmann1, Douglas A Corley2
1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States.
Cancer Epidemiology
|July 21, 2018
Summary
Obesity is linked to clear cell and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC) but not papillary RCC. This suggests different causes for RCC subtypes, with body mass index playing a key role in some, but not all, forms of kidney cancer.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
- Genetics
Background:
- Obesity is a known risk factor for renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
- However, the association between obesity and specific RCC histologic subtypes remains unclear.
- Understanding these differences is crucial for targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate whether the relationship between obesity and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) differs across histologic subtypes.
- To analyze subtype-specific associations using a nested case-control study and meta-analysis.
Main Methods:
- A nested case-control study was conducted within Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC).
- The study included 685 RCC cases and 4266 controls, with detailed subtype classification.
- Meta-analysis combined KPNC findings with three additional published studies using a random effects model.
Main Results:
- Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) was associated with clear cell RCC (OR 1.5) and chromophobe RCC (OR 2.5) in the KPNC study.
- No significant association was found for papillary RCC (OR 1.0).
- Meta-analysis confirmed these findings, showing increased risks for clear cell (SRR 1.8) and chromophobe RCC (SRR 2.2), but not papillary RCC (SRR 1.2).
Conclusions:
- The findings support distinct etiologic pathways for RCC histologic subtypes.
- Obesity appears to be a significant factor in the development of clear cell and potentially chromophobe RCC.
- Obesity does not seem to influence the development of papillary RCC.
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