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Related Concept Videos

pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
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Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps01:16

Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps

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A tracheostomy is a surgical technique that involves making an incision in the neck to provide access to the trachea. It is frequently used in medical conditions such as airway obstruction and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Effective nursing management is crucial for the long-term success of a tracheostomy.
Required Equipment
The equipment necessary for tracheostomy care includes:
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Tracheostomy Suctioning I: Pre-Procedural Steps01:26

Tracheostomy Suctioning I: Pre-Procedural Steps

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Tracheostomy suctioning is a critical procedure healthcare professionals perform to maintain a patent airway in patients with a tracheostomy tube. This procedure is necessary when secretions accumulate in the airway, causing respiratory distress. Here is a step-wise procedural guide for performing tracheostomy suctioning using an open system.
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First, gather all necessary equipment: a sterile suction catheter, a sterile disposable container, sterile gloves, a towel or...
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Pre-exposure Prophylaxis: The Delivery Challenge.

Willem D F Venter1

  • 1Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Frontiers in Public Health
|July 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake is limited by complex delivery systems. Simplifying access requires innovative approaches beyond dedicated clinics to ensure wider availability of this HIV prevention tool.

Keywords:
HIVPrEPoperationalpre-exposure prophylaxispreventionservice delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Prevention
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention method.
  • Global uptake of PrEP has been slower than anticipated.
  • Operational and service delivery challenges hinder widespread PrEP access.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the complexities of PrEP operational and service delivery.
  • To provide recommendations for improving PrEP availability based on real-world experience.
  • To explore innovative strategies for broader PrEP accessibility.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of early real-world PrEP implementation experiences.
  • Review of current access restrictions including dedicated facilities, HIV testing, and toxicity monitoring.
  • Examination of service delivery models, including verticalized services.

Main Results:

  • Current PrEP access is complicated by restricted delivery to specific health facilities and stringent testing/monitoring requirements.
  • Expanding PrEP within existing HIV testing and treatment programs for defined populations has been feasible.
  • Large-scale PrEP delivery outside of these established programs has not yet been demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • Simplifying PrEP access requires addressing regulatory and clinical barriers.
  • Innovative thinking is needed to overcome current limitations.
  • Enhancing PrEP availability is crucial for its role as an effective HIV prevention tool.