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Related Concept Videos

Subliminal Perception01:15

Subliminal Perception

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Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...
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Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
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Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
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Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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Extrasensory Perception01:23

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Extrasensory perception, or ESP, suggests the ability to perceive events beyond the conventional senses of sight, hearing, and touch. Parapsychologists, who research ESP and related psychic phenomena, categorize ESP into three main types: precognition, telepathy, and clairvoyance.
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Selective Viral Transduction of Adult-born Olfactory Neurons for Chronic in vivo Optogenetic Stimulation
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Olfactory perception in children.

E Leslie Cameron1

  • 1Department of Psychological Science, 2001 Alford Park Drive, Carthage College, Kenosha, WI 53140, USA.

World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
|July 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Smell testing in children, including those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is reliable from age 4. Olfactory abilities develop with age and can be affected by childhood disorders.

Keywords:
AutismDevelopmentOdor detectionOdor discriminationOdor identificationOlfactionPediatric Smell Wheel®Sex differencesSmell

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Otorhinolaryngology

Background:

  • Olfaction is crucial for safety and quality of life, even in children.
  • While rare, smell loss in children can signal underlying developmental disorders.
  • Assessing olfactory function aids in understanding various childhood conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for behavioral testing of olfaction in children.
  • To emphasize odor identification as a primary assessment technique.
  • To introduce the Pediatric Smell Wheel® as a tool for young children.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on pediatric olfaction testing.
  • Description of the Pediatric Smell Wheel® for odor identification.
  • Case example of testing children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Main Results:

  • Olfactory sense can be reliably tested in children as young as 4 years old.
  • Olfactory performance generally improves with age.
  • Childhood disorders, such as ASD, can impact smell function.

Conclusions:

  • Reliable olfactory testing is feasible in young children (4+ years).
  • Age and specific childhood disorders influence olfactory capabilities.
  • Further research using methods like odor discrimination may enhance understanding of pediatric olfaction.