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Published on: March 5, 2022
The Epitranscriptome in Translation Regulation
Eyal Peer1, Sharon Moshitch-Moshkovitz1, Gideon Rechavi1
1Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; Cancer Research Center and Wohl Centre for Translational Medicine, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262160, Israel.
Abstract:
The cellular proteome reflects the total outcome of many regulatory mechanisms that affect the metabolism of messenger RNA (mRNA) along its pathway from synthesis to degradation. Accumulating evidence in recent years has uncovered the roles of a growing number of mRNA modifications in every step along this pathway, shaping translational output. mRNA modifications affect the translation machinery directly, by influencing translation initiation, elongation and termination, or by altering mRNA levels and subcellular localization. Features of modification-related translational control are described, charting a new and complex layer of translational regulation.
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Translational Regulation
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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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