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Related Concept Videos

Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

628
Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
628
Translation01:31

Translation

157.1K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
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Translation01:31

Translation

17.9K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
17.9K
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
33.9K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.1K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
39.1K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.8K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.8K

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The Epitranscriptome in Translation Regulation.

Eyal Peer1, Sharon Moshitch-Moshkovitz1, Gideon Rechavi1

  • 1Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; Cancer Research Center and Wohl Centre for Translational Medicine, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262160, Israel.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|July 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) modifications regulate gene expression from synthesis to degradation. These modifications impact translation, influencing protein production and cellular function.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Post-transcriptional Modification

Background:

  • The cellular proteome is a result of complex regulatory mechanisms controlling messenger RNA (mRNA) metabolism.
  • Recent research highlights the significant roles of mRNA modifications throughout the mRNA lifecycle.
  • These modifications are increasingly recognized as crucial for shaping translational output.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of mRNA modifications in regulating gene expression.
  • To describe how mRNA modifications influence translation initiation, elongation, and termination.
  • To explore the impact of mRNA modifications on mRNA levels and subcellular localization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of accumulating evidence on mRNA modifications.
  • Analysis of mechanisms by which mRNA modifications affect the translation machinery.
  • Characterization of how modifications alter mRNA stability and localization.

Main Results:

  • mRNA modifications are integral to regulating mRNA metabolism from synthesis to degradation.
  • These modifications directly influence key steps of translation, including initiation, elongation, and termination.
  • mRNA modifications also impact mRNA stability and dictate its subcellular distribution.

Conclusions:

  • mRNA modifications represent a critical layer of gene expression control.
  • Understanding these modifications is essential for comprehending cellular proteome regulation.
  • This field reveals a complex and dynamic regulatory network impacting translational output.