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Chronotype and Mental Health: Recent Advances
Briana J Taylor1, Brant P Hasler2
1Department of Psychiatry, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA.
Current Psychiatry Reports
|July 25, 2018
Summary
Evening chronotype, or being a "night owl," is linked to various mental health issues, including mood disorders and substance use. Further research is needed to understand and treat these chronotype-mental health connections.
Area of Science:
- Chronobiology
- Psychiatry
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Evening chronotype is increasingly associated with mental health conditions.
- Understanding the link between sleep timing and mental illness is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent evidence on the association between chronotype and mental illness.
- To explore potential mechanisms underlying this relationship.
- To identify under-examined research areas and methodological advances.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on chronotype and mental illness.
- Analysis of evidence for associations and underlying mechanisms.
- Evaluation of methodological improvements and research gaps.
Main Results:
- Evening chronotype correlates with mood disorder severity, substance use, anxiety, and attention difficulties.
- Longitudinal data suggest evening chronotype may precede conditions like depression and anxiety.
- Neural mechanisms involving reward and emotion regulation are implicated.
Conclusions:
- The association between chronotype and mental illness is transdiagnostic and supported by evolving research.
- Further research should focus on mechanisms, chronotype components, and special populations.
- Therapeutic interventions targeting chronotype may be beneficial for mental health.
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