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Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI

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Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
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Longitudinal Studies01:26

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Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
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Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Inertia Tensor01:24

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The concept of the inertia tensor is employed to depict the mass distribution and rotational inertia of a solid or rigid object. This tensor is expressed through a three-by-three matrix. Each component within this matrix corresponds to varying moments of inertia about specific axes.
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Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Multiple Sclerosis Fatigue: A Longitudinal Structural MRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.

K Yarraguntla1, N Seraji-Bozorgzad1, S Lichtman-Mikol1

  • 1Sastry Foundation Advanced Imaging Laboratory, Wayne State School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.

Journal of Neuroimaging : Official Journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
|July 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain imaging changes in the pallidum and right temporal cortex correlate with fatigue severity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients over time. These findings suggest new biomarkers for monitoring MS fatigue.

Keywords:
Fatiguemagnetic resonance imagingmultiple sclerosispallidumtemporal lobe

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Previous studies identified brain regions associated with multiple sclerosis (MS)-related fatigue.
  • Longitudinal imaging correlates of fatigue severity variation in MS are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the longitudinal neuroimaging changes associated with fatigue severity in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients.
  • To identify potential imaging biomarkers for monitoring fatigue in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Structural and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were acquired from 43 RRMS patients with fatigue.
  • Subcortical nuclei volume and cortical diffusion indices were measured at baseline and one year.
  • Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) was used to assess fatigue levels.

Main Results:

  • Pallidal volume significantly decreased by year 1 (P = .002).
  • At year 1, pallidal volume (P = .023) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the right temporal cortex (RTC) (P = .013) correlated significantly with FSS scores.
  • Fatigue score variation was not significant during the study period.

Conclusions:

  • Pallidal volume and FA of the right temporal cortex show potential as biomarkers for evaluating longitudinal fatigue severity variation in MS.
  • These findings propose novel imaging biomarkers for monitoring fatigue in MS patients.