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Essential Oils: Extraction Techniques, Pharmaceutical And Therapeutic Potential - A Review
Zarith Asyikin Abdul Aziz1, Akil Ahmad1,2,3, Siti Hamidah Mohd Setapar1,4,5
1Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
Current Drug Metabolism
|July 25, 2018
Summary
Essential oils, derived from aromatic plants, offer potent antimicrobial, anticancer, and antiviral properties. Advanced extraction methods enhance their efficiency and physicochemical characteristics for pharmaceutical applications.
Area of Science:
- Phytochemistry
- Natural Product Chemistry
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Essential oils are complex plant extracts with over 200 constituents.
- Their therapeutic applications stem from potent antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties.
- Extraction methods significantly influence the oils' biological and physicochemical profiles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review research on essential oil chemical composition.
- To discuss various oil extraction methodologies.
- To explore pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications of essential oils.
Main Methods:
- Conventional extraction techniques include hydrodistillation, steam distillation, hydrodiffusion, and solvent extraction.
- Advanced methods encompass supercritical fluid extraction, subcritical liquid extraction, and solvent-free microwave extraction.
- Advanced techniques offer reduced extraction times, lower energy consumption, and decreased environmental impact.
Main Results:
- Essential oils possess diverse chemical compositions influenced by plant source and extraction method.
- Advanced extraction methods are more efficient, requiring less time and energy with reduced solvent use.
- The extracted oils demonstrate significant antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, and skin permeation enhancing activities.
Conclusions:
- Essential oils are valuable natural products with broad therapeutic potential.
- Optimized extraction methods are crucial for maximizing oil efficacy and quality.
- Further research into essential oils can lead to novel pharmaceutical and therapeutic agents.
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