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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
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Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

Published on: February 24, 2023

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Immunotherapy for melanoma.

Lauren M Cuevas1, Adil I Daud2

  • 1Melanoma and Cutaneous Oncology Department, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.

Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
|July 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and oncolytic viruses, offers effective and durable treatment for advanced melanoma. While side effects can occur, they are typically mild to moderate, making immunotherapy a primary clinical option.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Advanced melanoma treatment has significantly evolved with the advent of immunotherapy.
  • Current therapeutic strategies include systemic cytokines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and localized intratumoral therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and safety of current immunotherapies for advanced melanoma.
  • To highlight the mechanisms and clinical impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors and oncolytic viruses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current clinical practices and research findings in advanced melanoma immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of systemic and localized therapeutic approaches, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (programmed cell death 1/programmed death-ligand 1, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4) and oncolytic viruses.

Main Results:

  • Systemic immunotherapies demonstrate significant efficacy in monotherapy and combination regimens.
  • Oncolytic viruses provide localized tumor treatment and stimulate immune responses.
  • Most immune-mediated adverse events associated with immunotherapy are mild to moderate.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy has become a cornerstone treatment for advanced melanoma, offering effective and durable patient responses.
  • Despite potential immune-mediated adverse events, immunotherapy provides a favorable risk-benefit profile for advanced melanoma.