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Using experience sampling to examine links between compassion, eudaimonia, and pro-social behavior.

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  • 1Psychology Department, Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion, Indiana.

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Summary

This study found that naturalistic assessments of compassion, using experience sampling method (ESM), predicted eudaimonia and pro-social behavior, unlike standard surveys. ESM compassion showed consistency and linked to donating behavior.

Keywords:
ecological momentary assessmentempathic concernexperience samplinghappiness

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Virtue Ethics

Background:

  • Compassion is historically and cross-culturally viewed as a virtue linked to eudaimonia and pro-social behavior.
  • Previous psychological research on compassion has primarily relied on laboratory settings and standard survey assessments.
  • The variability and real-world associations of compassion require further investigation beyond traditional methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare naturalistic assessments of compassion using experience sampling method (ESM) with standard assessments.
  • To examine the within-person variability and consistency of compassion in daily life.
  • To investigate the associations between ESM-assessed compassion, eudaimonia, and pro-social behavior.

Main Methods:

  • 200 undergraduate students completed standard surveys for compassion and eudaimonia.
  • An experience sampling method (ESM) was employed over 4 days, with repeated assessments of compassion, eudaimonia, and situational factors.
  • Pro-social behavior was measured using the Dual Gamble Task and a donation task.

Main Results:

  • Within-person analyses revealed significant associations between ESM compassion and eudaimonia.
  • ESM compassion predicted subsequent eudaimonia and donating behavior, whereas standard assessments did not.
  • Considerable consistency in ESM compassion was observed, despite some influence from situational factors.

Conclusions:

  • Experience sampling method (ESM) assessments of compassion offer valuable insights into its real-world associations with eudaimonia and pro-social behavior.
  • Findings support virtue theory by demonstrating a probabilistic tendency toward compassion in some individuals.
  • ESM compassion effectively predicted eudaimonia and pro-social actions, highlighting the utility of naturalistic assessment.