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MPLV: a retrovirus complex inducing an acute myeloproliferative leukemic disorder in adult mice
Abstract:
A novel murine retrovirus complex was derived from the in vivo passage of a molecularly cloned Friend ecotropic helper virus. The virus isolate, myeloproliferative leukemia virus (MPLV), causes an acute (2-3 weeks) and generalized myeloproliferative disorder in adult mice. All strains of mice examined, including the C57BL/6J strain, developed the acute syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by a rapid hepatosplenomegaly, no thymus or lymph node involvement, granulocytosis, thrombocytosis, and erythroblastosis leading to polycythemia. The most prominent feature at the terminal phase of the disease is a granulocytic hyperplasia. The MPLV isolate replicates in vitro on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts but does not induce foci of transformed cells. Thus, MPLV exhibits unique biological properties that distinguish it either from the Friend virus complexes or from acutely transforming sarcomatogenic murine retrovirus which also induced a rapid splenomegaly.
Insights
A novel myeloproliferative leukemia virus (MPLV) causes a rapid, generalized myeloproliferative disorder in mice. This unique retrovirus isolate leads to granulocytic hyperplasia and polycythemia without thymus or lymph node involvement.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Oncology
- Hematology
Background:
- Murine retroviruses can induce various hematopoietic disorders.
- Friend virus complexes are known to cause splenomegaly and leukemia.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize a novel retrovirus isolate, myeloproliferative leukemia virus (MPLV).
- To investigate the unique biological properties of MPLV in vivo and in vitro.
Main Methods:
- In vivo passage of a molecularly cloned Friend ecotropic helper virus.
- Induction of disease in adult mice across multiple strains.
- In vitro replication studies on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts.
Main Results:
- MPLV induced an acute (2-3 weeks) generalized myeloproliferative disorder in all mouse strains tested.
- The syndrome was characterized by rapid hepatosplenomegaly, granulocytosis, thrombocytosis, erythroblastosis, and polycythemia.
- MPLV replicated in vitro but did not induce foci of transformed cells, distinguishing it from other murine retroviruses.
Conclusions:
- MPLV is a novel murine retrovirus with unique biological properties.
- MPLV causes a distinct acute myeloproliferative disorder characterized by granulocytic hyperplasia and polycythemia.
- MPLV's distinct characteristics differentiate it from Friend virus complexes and acutely transforming sarcomatogenic retroviruses.