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Related Concept Videos

Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

28.9K
Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
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Conjugated Proteins02:50

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Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

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Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

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Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
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Conjugation01:19

Conjugation

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Conjugation is a form of horizontal gene transfer that primarily occurs in bacteria and some archaea, promoting genetic diversity and adaptation. Bacteria can acquire resistance genes through conjugative plasmids, allowing them to survive antibiotic treatments that would otherwise be lethal. This process involves direct contact between cells through specialized structures such as the sex pilus and is mediated by conjugative plasmids, including the F (fertility) factor.Conjugation requires...
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Mechanism of Conjugation01:19

Mechanism of Conjugation

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Bacterial conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer that enables the exchange of genetic material between bacterial cells through direct contact. This process is facilitated by a donor cell carrying a conjugative plasmid, which encodes genes necessary for pilus formation, DNA replication, and transfer. The conjugative plasmid plays a central role in initiating and executing the transfer of genetic material.The tra region of the conjugative plasmid encodes proteins responsible for...
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Composite Scaffolds of Interfacial Polyelectrolyte Fibers for Temporally Controlled Release of Biomolecules
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Achieving Controlled Biomolecule-Biomaterial Conjugation.

Christopher D Spicer1, E Thomas Pashuck2, Molly M Stevens1,3

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics , Karolinska Institutet , Scheeles Väg 2 , Stockholm , Sweden.

Chemical Reviews
|July 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Biomolecule conjugation strategies are crucial for creating bioactive materials that control cell behavior. This review details conjugation chemistry and methods, emphasizing technique selection for optimal biomaterial design.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Chemical Biology
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Biomolecule conjugation enhances material bioactivity for cell behavior modulation.
  • While biomolecule roles and attachment effects are reviewed, conjugation strategy's impact is often overlooked.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of key biomolecule conjugation strategies.
  • To highlight the importance of conjugation chemistry in controlled biomaterial functionalization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established and emerging biomolecule conjugation techniques.
  • Analysis of advantages and disadvantages of various attachment strategies.

Main Results:

  • No single conjugation method is universally optimal.
  • Careful consideration of technique suitability is vital for biomaterial design.

Conclusions:

  • Conjugation strategy significantly influences biomaterial activity.
  • Informed selection of conjugation methods is essential for successful biomaterial development.