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Elements and Compounds01:27

Elements and Compounds

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond.
Elements
Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units. They are unique forms of matter with specific chemical and physical properties that cannot break down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical reactions. There...
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Classification of Elements and Compounds02:54

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond. Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units.
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Periodic Classification of the Elements04:00

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The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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Applications of Integration to Probability Density Functions01:27

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Continuous probability distributions are used to model random variables that can take on any real value within a specified range. These variables do not take on isolated or countable values but rather exist on a continuum. For example, the height of an individual can be measured with increasing precision—such as 163.5 or 165.25 centimeters—demonstrating that height is a continuous random variable.The behavior of such variables is described using a probability density function (PDF),...
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Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes02:31

Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes

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A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
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Self-Assembled Functional DNA Superstructures as High-Density and Versatile Recognition Elements for Printed Paper

Meng Liu1,2,3, Qiang Zhang3, Balamurali Kannan3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S4K1, Canada.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|July 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Micrometer-sized functional nucleic acid (FNA) superstructures, or 3D DNA, create highly functional bioactive paper surfaces. These 3D DNA paper sensors offer enhanced stability and performance for biosensing applications.

Keywords:
DNAzymeaptamersbiosensorsrolling circle amplificationself-assembly

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DNA Sequence Recognition by DNA Primase Using High-Throughput Primase Profiling
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nucleic Acid Chemistry
  • Biosensor Technology

Background:

  • Functional nucleic acids (FNAs) are crucial for biosensing.
  • Developing stable and high-density FNA surfaces remains a challenge.
  • Micrometer-sized FNA superstructures offer a novel approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate micrometer-sized functional nucleic acid (FNA) superstructures, termed 3D DNA, as biorecognition elements.
  • To develop highly functional bioactive paper surfaces using 3D DNA.
  • To assess the suitability of 3D DNA for paper-based biosensors.

Main Methods:

  • 3D DNA was synthesized using rolling circle amplification and salt aging.
  • Inkjet printing was employed to immobilize 3D DNA onto paper surfaces.
  • Characterization included assessment of structural integrity, adhesion, nuclease resistance, and protein adsorption.

Main Results:

  • 3D DNA retained spherical shape and adhered strongly to paper via physisorption.
  • 3D DNA paper sensors exhibited resistance to nuclease degradation.
  • Nonspecific protein adsorption was suppressed, and a higher surface density of functional DNA was achieved compared to monomeric FNAs.

Conclusions:

  • 3D DNA represents a unique class of biorecognition elements for creating bioactive paper.
  • The developed 3D DNA paper sensors demonstrate superior properties for biosensing.
  • This technology is well-suited for the advancement of paper-based biosensor development.