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Jealousy is an instinctive yet socially complex emotion that arises when a close relationship is threatened. Its origins lie in both biological imperatives and sociocultural conditioning, making it a multifaceted psychological construct. Although universally experienced, the triggers and expressions of jealousy vary notably between individuals, especially across genders, due to evolutionary pressures and cultural influences.Gender Differences and Evolutionary TheoryEvolutionary theory explains...
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Social Comparison in Romantic Jealousy.

Bernd H Schmitt1

  • 1Cornell University.

Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin
|July 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Jealous individuals derogate rivals on attributes important to their partners to protect self-esteem. However, they view rivals positively on less important attributes, suggesting a nuanced social comparison strategy.

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Relationship Science

Background:

  • Jealousy often leads individuals to denigrate rivals to maintain self-esteem.
  • Previous research suggests social comparison plays a role in this derogation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if rival derogation is solely a consequence of social comparison.
  • To examine if the importance of attributes to a partner influences derogation.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies involving undergraduates rating themselves, partners, and rivals on important and less important attributes.
  • Participants also rated partners' rivals on similar dimensions.

Main Results:

  • Rivals were evaluated negatively on attributes highly important to partners.

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  • Rivals were viewed as attractive on attributes less important to partners.

    • Conclusions:

    • Rival derogation in jealousy is conditional on attribute importance to the partner.
    • This supports a self-evaluation maintenance model influenced by social comparison context.