An Orbitrap-based laser desorption/ablation mass spectrometer designed for spaceflight

Area of Science:

• Planetary Science
• Astrobiology
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Cryogenic planetary environments are prime targets for astrobiological research.
• Next-generation instruments are needed for precise elemental and molecular analysis in space.
• Separation of isobaric interferences is critical for accurate stoichiometry determination.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate a spaceflight-adapted Orbitrap mass analyzer (CosmOrbitrap) for planetary exploration.
• To assess the instrument's capability for ultrahigh resolution laser desorption/ablation mass spectrometry.
• To characterize diverse planetary analog samples.

Main Methods:

• Utilized a spaceflight-adapted Orbitrap analyzer (CosmOrbitrap) with a pulsed UV laser.
• Analyzed planetary analog samples including jarosite, magnesium sulfate, uracil, and amino acids.
• Employed ultrahigh resolution laser desorption/ablation mass spectrometry.

Main Results:

• Achieved ultrahigh mass resolution (m/Δm ≥ 120,000) for major elements and organic molecules.
• Quantified isotopic abundances with <1.0% precision and identified masses within 3.2 ppm accuracy.
• Detected twelve amino acids at concentrations as low as 1 pmol/mm².

Conclusions:

• The CosmOrbitrap offers unparalleled mass resolution and accuracy for spaceflight applications.
• This instrument is a mission-enabling technology for advancing planetary exploration.
• The CosmOrbitrap is highly sensitive and capable of detecting complex organic molecules in extraterrestrial environments.