Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Band Theory02:35

Band Theory

17.2K
When two or more atoms come together to form a molecule, their atomic orbitals combine and molecular orbitals of distinct energies result. In a solid, there are a large number of atoms, and therefore a large number of atomic orbitals that may be combined into molecular orbitals. These groups of molecular orbitals are so closely placed together to form continuous regions of energies, known as the bands.
The energy difference between these bands is known as the band gap.
Conductor, Semiconductor,...
17.2K
Scientific Laws and Theories02:31

Scientific Laws and Theories

89.1K
Scientific Laws
89.1K
Attribution Theory00:56

Attribution Theory

13.8K
Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958).
13.8K
The Atomic Theory of Matter02:59

The Atomic Theory of Matter

129.1K
The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, meaning “indivisible.” Later, Aristotle and others came to the conclusion that matter consisted of various combinations of the four “elements” — fire, earth, air, and water — and could be infinitely divided. Interestingly, these philosophers...
129.1K
Social Exchange Theory02:06

Social Exchange Theory

40.8K
We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
40.8K
Molecular Orbital Theory II03:51

Molecular Orbital Theory II

27.6K
Molecular Orbital Energy Diagrams
27.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Induction of cortical on/off periods in awake mice fulfills sleep functions.

Nature neuroscience·2026
Same author

Intrinsic Cause-Effect Power: The Tradeoff Between Differentiation and Specification.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Intrinsic units: identifying a system's causal grain.

Neuroscience of consciousness·2026
Same author

Precision Neuromodulation in Psychiatry: Focus on Temporal Interference Stimulation.

The American journal of psychiatry·2026
Same author

Distance- and hierarchy-dependent functional dysconnectivity in schizophrenia and its association with cortical microstructure.

NeuroImage. Clinical·2026
Same author

A hippocampal 'sharp-wave sleep' state that is dissociable from cortical sleep.

Nature neuroscience·2025
Same journal

Detection, communication, and individual identification with deep audio embeddings: A case study with North Atlantic right whales.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same journal

Exploring the structural lexicon of the Proteome via Metric Geometry.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same journal

Linking retinal sampling in neural encoding models to temporal profiles of visual processing in humans.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same journal

CAdir: Joint clustering of cells and genes for single-cell transcriptomics with visualization-driven cluster quality assessment.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same journal

Systematic design of auxotrophic strains and media conditions to probe metabolic functions in E. coli.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same journal

Neuronal excitability and parameter variability in the Hodgkin-Huxley model.

PLoS computational biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

In Silico Modeling Method for Computational Aquatic Toxicology of Endocrine Disruptors: A Software-Based Approach Using QSAR Toolbox
05:47

In Silico Modeling Method for Computational Aquatic Toxicology of Endocrine Disruptors: A Software-Based Approach Using QSAR Toolbox

Published on: August 28, 2019

14.7K

PyPhi: A toolbox for integrated information theory.

William G P Mayner1,2, William Marshall2, Larissa Albantakis2

  • 1Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.

Plos Computational Biology
|July 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

PyPhi is a new Python software package for analyzing cause-effect structures using Integrated Information Theory. It helps researchers study complexity and emergence in discrete dynamical systems.

More Related Videos

A MRI-Based Toolbox for Neurosurgical Planning in Nonhuman Primates
08:41

A MRI-Based Toolbox for Neurosurgical Planning in Nonhuman Primates

Published on: July 17, 2020

5.4K
A Step-by-Step Implementation of DeepBehavior, Deep Learning Toolbox for Automated Behavior Analysis
05:41

A Step-by-Step Implementation of DeepBehavior, Deep Learning Toolbox for Automated Behavior Analysis

Published on: February 6, 2020

9.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

In Silico Modeling Method for Computational Aquatic Toxicology of Endocrine Disruptors: A Software-Based Approach Using QSAR Toolbox
05:47

In Silico Modeling Method for Computational Aquatic Toxicology of Endocrine Disruptors: A Software-Based Approach Using QSAR Toolbox

Published on: August 28, 2019

14.7K
A MRI-Based Toolbox for Neurosurgical Planning in Nonhuman Primates
08:41

A MRI-Based Toolbox for Neurosurgical Planning in Nonhuman Primates

Published on: July 17, 2020

5.4K
A Step-by-Step Implementation of DeepBehavior, Deep Learning Toolbox for Automated Behavior Analysis
05:41

A Step-by-Step Implementation of DeepBehavior, Deep Learning Toolbox for Automated Behavior Analysis

Published on: February 6, 2020

9.9K

Area of Science:

  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Theoretical Physics
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • Integrated Information Theory (IIT) offers a mathematical framework for characterizing the cause-effect structure of physical systems.
  • Understanding causal relationships is crucial for fields like neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and philosophy of science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce PyPhi, a Python software package designed to implement IIT for causal analysis.
  • Enable the exploration of the full cause-effect structure of discrete dynamical systems composed of binary elements.
  • Provide a user-friendly tool for researchers studying complexity, emergence, and biological questions.

Main Methods:

  • PyPhi implements the core algorithms of Integrated Information Theory.
  • The software analyzes discrete dynamical systems of binary elements.
  • Functionality is demonstrated through an example system analysis.

Main Results:

  • PyPhi provides a practical implementation of IIT for causal analysis.
  • The software facilitates the study of cause-effect structures in complex systems.
  • It serves as a reference implementation for IIT formalisms.

Conclusions:

  • PyPhi is a valuable open-source tool for researchers applying IIT.
  • The package simplifies the investigation of causal structures in dynamical systems.
  • It supports research in complexity, emergence, and biological systems.