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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

157.1K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
157.1K
Translation01:31

Translation

17.9K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
17.9K
Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins02:26

Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins

14.6K
Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain.  Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to...
14.6K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.1K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
39.1K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.8K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.8K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

15.0K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
15.0K

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Training Dogs for Awake, Unrestrained Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Image Translation by Domain-Adversarial Training.

Zhuorong Li1, Wanliang Wang1, Yanwei Zhao1

  • 1College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience
|July 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a new framework for image translation that works even without paired data. It improves synthetic image generation quality and fidelity using unsupervised learning and domain-adversarial training.

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Vision
  • Computer Graphics
  • Machine Learning

Background:

  • Image translation is crucial for computer graphics and vision, mapping input images to synthetic counterparts.
  • Conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs) have advanced image translation but typically require expensive supervised data.
  • The scarcity of paired data limits the application of existing cGAN-based methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a versatile framework for image translation applicable to both supervised and unsupervised settings.
  • To enhance the quality and fidelity of generated synthetic images, particularly in data-scarce scenarios.
  • To reduce the mapping space and improve generation quality by learning image priors.

Main Methods:

  • A common framework for image translation is proposed, adaptable for unsupervised learning.
  • Conditioning the discriminator on unaligned targets to learn image priors and reduce the mapping space.
  • Domain-adversarial training, inspired by domain adaptation, is employed to capture discriminative features for improved fidelity.

Main Results:

  • The proposed method demonstrates effectiveness in image translation tasks.
  • Experimental results show compelling performance compared to existing baseline methods.
  • The framework successfully improves generation quality and fidelity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed framework offers a flexible approach to image translation, effective in both supervised and unsupervised scenarios.
  • The method's generality is highlighted by its adaptability to diverse tasks.
  • This work advances unsupervised image translation by improving generation quality and feature representation.