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Swine brucellosis: current perspectives
1Infectious Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA, Steven.olsen@ars.usda.gov.
Veterinary Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|July 28, 2018
Summary
Brucella suis causes swine brucellosis, a zoonotic disease primarily transmitted from animals to humans. Whole-herd depopulation is the most effective control, as vaccines and individual diagnostics are lacking.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Microbiology
- Zoonotic Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Brucella suis is a significant zoonotic pathogen in domestic and wild swine globally.
- Human infections primarily stem from animal reservoirs, with rare human-to-human transmission.
- Swine brucellosis leads to economic losses and poses a public health risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the epidemiology and control of Brucella suis infections in swine.
- To highlight the importance of swine brucellosis in disease control programs due to zoonotic potential.
- To review current diagnostic limitations and control strategies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of Brucella suis epidemiology, transmission, and control.
- Analysis of B. suis biovar prevalence in different geographical regions.
- Evaluation of diagnostic test performance and vaccine availability.
Main Results:
- B. suis biovars 1 and 3 are predominant outside Europe; biovar 2 is common in Europe with lower human pathogenicity.
- Wild and feral swine populations serve as important reservoirs.
- Current diagnostics have herd-level limitations; no commercial swine vaccine exists.
Conclusions:
- Effective control of swine brucellosis relies on managing animal reservoirs and preventing human exposure.
- Whole-herd depopulation is the most effective, though not always feasible, regulatory control measure.
- Further research into improved diagnostics and preventative vaccines is warranted.
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