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Enhancing cellulose functionalities by size reduction using media-mill.

Rajni Dubey1, Yon-Rui Toh2, An-I Yeh3

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Media milling significantly enhanced cellulose properties, improving water binding, sugar/bile acid binding, and fermentability into beneficial short-chain fatty acids. This processed cellulose shows potential for improved digestive health.

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science and Technology
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Cellulose is recognized as dietary fiber by the USFDA, but its application in food is limited by low degradability, stiff texture, and insolubility.
  • Improving cellulose's physicochemical and physiological properties is crucial for expanding its use in food products and health applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of enhancing cellulose functionalities through media milling to reduce particle size.
  • To characterize the physicochemical and physiological changes in cellulose post-milling.

Main Methods:

  • Media milling was employed to reduce the volume mean size of cellulose particles from 25.7 μm to 0.9 μm.
  • Physicochemical properties including specific surface area, swelling capacity, bulk density, and intrinsic viscosity were measured.
  • Physiological properties such as water holding, bile acid and sugar binding, and fermentability into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were assessed using human fecal microflora.

Main Results:

  • Milling increased specific surface area by 36.78-fold and swelling capacity by 9-fold.
  • Milled cellulose demonstrated enhanced water holding, bile acid, and sugar binding capacities.
  • Fermentation of milled cellulose significantly increased the production of acetate (2880.60%), propionate (2738.52%), and butyrate (2865.89%) within 24 hours.

Conclusions:

  • Media milling effectively enhances cellulose's physicochemical and physiological properties, including improved water retention and nutrient binding.
  • The enhanced fermentability of milled cellulose into SCFAs suggests potential benefits for gut health.
  • Milled cellulose may offer physiological advantages such as laxation and improved blood cholesterol and glucose regulation.