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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Optimization of Transesophageal Atrial Pacing to Assess Atrial Fibrillation Susceptibility in Mice
Published on: June 29, 2022
Successful in utero transesophageal pacing for severe drug-resistant tachyarrhythmia
Julien Stirnemann1, Alice Maltret2, Ayman Haydar2
1Obstetrics and Maternal Fetal Medicine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
Abstract:
Sustained fetal tachyarrhythmia can evolve into a life-threatening condition in 40% of cases when hydrops develops, with a 27% risk of perinatal death. Several antiarrhythmic drugs can be given solely or in combination to the mother to achieve therapeutic transplacental concentrations. Therapeutic failure could lead to progressive cardiac insufficiency and restrict therapeutic options to either elective delivery or direct fetal administration of antiarrhythmic drugs, which may increase the risk of death. We report for the first time successful fetal transesophageal pacing to treat a hydropic fetus with drug-resistant tachyarrhythmia.
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